[Zodb-checkins] CVS: ZODB3/Doc/zodb - about.html:1.2.6.20
contents.html:1.2.6.20 img1.png:1.1.2.3 index.html:1.2.6.20
node2.html:1.2.6.20 node3.html:1.2.6.20 node5.html:1.2.6.20
node6.html:1.2.6.20 node7.html:1.2.6.20 node8.html:1.2.6.20
zeo.html:1.2.6.20 zodb.css:1.2.6.5 zodb.html:1.2.6.20
Fred L. Drake, Jr.
fdrake at gmail.com
Wed Apr 27 15:08:21 EDT 2005
Update of /cvs-repository/ZODB3/Doc/zodb
In directory cvs.zope.org:/tmp/cvs-serv21024/zodb
Modified Files:
Tag: Zope-2_7-branch
about.html contents.html img1.png index.html node2.html
node3.html node5.html node6.html node7.html node8.html
zeo.html zodb.css zodb.html
Log Message:
updated doc build
=== ZODB3/Doc/zodb/about.html 1.2.6.19 => 1.2.6.20 ===
--- ZODB3/Doc/zodb/about.html:1.2.6.19 Tue Apr 26 16:05:59 2005
+++ ZODB3/Doc/zodb/about.html Wed Apr 27 15:08:21 2005
@@ -2,52 +2,41 @@
<html>
<head>
<link rel="STYLESHEET" href="zodb.css" type='text/css' />
-<link rel="first" href="zodb.html" title='ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide' />
+<link rel="first" href="zodb.html" title='ZODB/ZEO programming Guide' />
<link rel='contents' href='contents.html' title="Contents" />
<link rel='last' href='about.html' title='About this document...' />
<link rel='help' href='about.html' title='About this document...' />
<link rel="prev" href="node8.html" />
<link rel="parent" href="zodb.html" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
<meta name='aesop' content='information' />
<title>About this document ...</title>
</head>
<body>
-<DIV CLASS="navigation">
+<div class="page-wrapper">
+<div class="navigation">
<div id='top-navigation-panel' xml:id='top-navigation-panel'>
-<table align="center" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2">
-<tr>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="B. GNU Free Documentation"
- href="node8.html"><img src='previous.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Previous Page' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="parent" title="ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide"
- href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Up One Level' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='next.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Next Page' width='32' /></td>
-<td align="center" width="100%">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
- href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Contents' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
-</tr></table>
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-<a class="sectref" rel="prev" href="node8.html">B. GNU Free Documentation</A>
-<b class="navlabel">Up:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="parent" href="zodb.html">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</A>
+ <table class='iconbar'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="B. gnu Free Documentation"
+ href="node8.html"><img src='previous.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Previous Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="parent" title="ZODB/ZEO programming Guide"
+ href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Up one Level' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
+ href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Contents' /></a></td>
+ <td class='titlebox'>ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ <div class='spacer'></div>
+</div>
</div>
-<hr /></div>
-</DIV>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
-<H1><A NAME="SECTION000900000000000000000">
-About this document ...</A>
-</H1>
+<h1><a name="SECTION000900000000000000000">
+About this document ...</a>
+</h1>
<strong>ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</strong>,
-April 26, 2005, Release 3.2.7
+27 April 2005, Release 3.2.8
<p> This document was generated using the <a
href="http://saftsack.fs.uni-bayreuth.de/~latex2ht/">
<strong>LaTeX</strong>2<tt>HTML</tt></a> translator.
@@ -73,39 +62,34 @@
Petrilli.
</p>
-<DIV CLASS="navigation">
-<div class='online-navigation'>
-<p></p><hr />
-<table align="center" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2">
-<tr>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="B. GNU Free Documentation"
- href="node8.html"><img src='previous.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Previous Page' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="parent" title="ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide"
- href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Up One Level' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='next.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Next Page' width='32' /></td>
-<td align="center" width="100%">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
- href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Contents' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
-</tr></table>
-<div class='online-navigation'>
-<b class="navlabel">Previous:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="prev" href="node8.html">B. GNU Free Documentation</A>
-<b class="navlabel">Up:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="parent" href="zodb.html">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</A>
+<div class="navigation">
+<div id='bot-navigation-panel' xml:id='bot-navigation-panel'
+ class='online-navigation'>
+ <div class='spacer'></div>
+ <table class='iconbar'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="B. gnu Free Documentation"
+ href="node8.html"><img src='previous.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Previous Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="parent" title="ZODB/ZEO programming Guide"
+ href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Up one Level' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
+ href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Contents' /></a></td>
+ <td class='titlebox'>ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ <div class='online-navigation text-links'>
+ Previous: <a rel="prev" href="node8.html">B. GNU Free Documentation</a>
+ Up: <a rel="parent" href="zodb.html">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</a>
+ </div>
+</div>
+<div class='spacer'></div>
+<span class="release-info">Documentation released on 27 April 2005.</span>
+<address>See <i><a href="about.html">About this document...</a></i>
+for information on suggesting changes.</address>
</div>
</div>
-<hr />
-<span class="release-info">Release 3.2.7, documentation updated on April 26, 2005.</span>
-</DIV>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
+</div> <!-- page-wrapper -->
+</body>
+</html>
=== ZODB3/Doc/zodb/contents.html 1.2.6.19 => 1.2.6.20 ===
--- ZODB3/Doc/zodb/contents.html:1.2.6.19 Tue Apr 26 16:05:59 2005
+++ ZODB3/Doc/zodb/contents.html Wed Apr 27 15:08:21 2005
@@ -2,110 +2,100 @@
<html>
<head>
<link rel="STYLESHEET" href="zodb.css" type='text/css' />
-<link rel="first" href="zodb.html" title='ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide' />
+<link rel="first" href="zodb.html" title='ZODB/ZEO programming Guide' />
<link rel='contents' href='contents.html' title="Contents" />
<link rel='last' href='about.html' title='About this document...' />
<link rel='help' href='about.html' title='About this document...' />
-<link rel="next" href="node2.html" />
<link rel="prev" href="zodb.html" />
<link rel="parent" href="zodb.html" />
<link rel="next" href="node2.html" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
<meta name='aesop' content='information' />
<title>Contents</title>
</head>
<body>
-<DIV CLASS="navigation">
+<div class="page-wrapper">
+<div class="navigation">
<div id='top-navigation-panel' xml:id='top-navigation-panel'>
-<table align="center" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2">
-<tr>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide"
- href="zodb.html"><img src='previous.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Previous Page' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="parent" title="ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide"
- href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Up One Level' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="1 Introduction"
- href="node2.html"><img src='next.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Next Page' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td align="center" width="100%">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
-</tr></table>
-<div class='online-navigation'>
-<b class="navlabel">Previous:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="prev" href="zodb.html">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</A>
-<b class="navlabel">Up:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="parent" href="zodb.html">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</A>
-<b class="navlabel">Next:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="next" href="node2.html">1 Introduction</A>
+ <table class='iconbar'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="ZODB/ZEO programming Guide"
+ href="zodb.html"><img src='previous.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Previous Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="parent" title="ZODB/ZEO programming Guide"
+ href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Up one Level' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="1 Introduction"
+ href="node2.html"><img src='next.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Next Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='titlebox'>ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ <div class='spacer'></div>
+</div>
</div>
-<hr /></div>
-</DIV>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
-<BR><h2><A NAME="SECTION000100000000000000000">
-Contents</A>
+<br><h2><a name="SECTION000100000000000000000">
+Contents</a>
</h2>
<!--Table of Contents-->
-<UL CLASS="TofC">
-<LI><A href="node2.html">1 Introduction</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="node2.html#SECTION000210000000000000000">1.1 What is the ZODB?</a>
-<LI><A href="node2.html#SECTION000220000000000000000">1.2 OODBs vs. Relational DBs</a>
-<LI><A href="node2.html#SECTION000230000000000000000">1.3 What is ZEO?</a>
-<LI><A href="node2.html#SECTION000240000000000000000">1.4 About this guide</a>
-<LI><A href="node2.html#SECTION000250000000000000000">1.5 Acknowledgements</a>
-</ul>
-<LI><A href="node3.html">2 ZODB Programming</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000310000000000000000">2.1 Installing ZODB</a>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000320000000000000000">2.2 How ZODB Works</a>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000330000000000000000">2.3 Opening a ZODB</a>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000340000000000000000">2.4 Writing a Persistent Class</a>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000350000000000000000">2.5 Rules for Writing Persistent Classes</a>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000360000000000000000">2.6 Writing Persistent Classes</a>
-</ul>
-<LI><A href="zeo.html">3 ZEO</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="zeo.html#SECTION000410000000000000000">3.1 How ZEO Works</a>
-<LI><A href="zeo.html#SECTION000420000000000000000">3.2 Installing ZEO</a>
-<LI><A href="zeo.html#SECTION000430000000000000000">3.3 Testing the ZEO Installation</a>
-<LI><A href="zeo.html#SECTION000440000000000000000">3.4 ZEO Programming Notes</a>
-<LI><A href="zeo.html#SECTION000450000000000000000">3.5 Sample Application: chatter.py</a>
-</ul>
-<LI><A href="node5.html">4 Transactions and Versioning</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="node5.html#SECTION000510000000000000000">4.1 Subtransactions</a>
-<LI><A href="node5.html#SECTION000520000000000000000">4.2 Undoing Changes</a>
-<LI><A href="node5.html#SECTION000530000000000000000">4.3 Versions</a>
-<LI><A href="node5.html#SECTION000540000000000000000">4.4 Multithreaded ZODB Programs</a>
-</ul>
-<LI><A href="node6.html">5 Related Modules</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="node6.html#SECTION000610000000000000000">5.1 ZODB.PersistentMapping</a>
-<LI><A href="node6.html#SECTION000620000000000000000">5.2 ZODB.PersistentList</a>
-<LI><A href="node6.html#SECTION000630000000000000000">5.3 BTrees Package</a>
-</ul>
-<LI><A href="node7.html">A. Resources</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html">B. GNU Free Documentation License</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000820000000000000000">B..1 Applicability and Definitions</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000830000000000000000">B..2 Verbatim Copying</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000840000000000000000">B..3 Copying in Quantity</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000850000000000000000">B..4 Modifications</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000860000000000000000">B..5 Combining Documents</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000870000000000000000">B..6 Collections of Documents</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000880000000000000000">B..7 Aggregation With Independent Works</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000890000000000000000">B..8 Translation</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION0008100000000000000000">B..9 Termination</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION0008110000000000000000">B..10 Future Revisions of This Licence</a>
-</ul></ul>
+<ul class="TofC">
+<li><a href="node2.html">1 Introduction</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="node2.html#SECTION000210000000000000000">1.1 What is the ZODB?</a>
+<li><a href="node2.html#SECTION000220000000000000000">1.2 OODBs vs. Relational DBs</a>
+<li><a href="node2.html#SECTION000230000000000000000">1.3 What is ZEO?</a>
+<li><a href="node2.html#SECTION000240000000000000000">1.4 About this guide</a>
+<li><a href="node2.html#SECTION000250000000000000000">1.5 Acknowledgements</a>
+</ul>
+<li><a href="node3.html">2 ZODB Programming</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000310000000000000000">2.1 Installing ZODB</a>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000320000000000000000">2.2 How ZODB Works</a>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000330000000000000000">2.3 Opening a ZODB</a>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000340000000000000000">2.4 Writing a Persistent Class</a>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000350000000000000000">2.5 Rules for Writing Persistent Classes</a>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000360000000000000000">2.6 Writing Persistent Classes</a>
+</ul>
+<li><a href="zeo.html">3 ZEO</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="zeo.html#SECTION000410000000000000000">3.1 How ZEO Works</a>
+<li><a href="zeo.html#SECTION000420000000000000000">3.2 Installing ZEO</a>
+<li><a href="zeo.html#SECTION000430000000000000000">3.3 Testing the ZEO Installation</a>
+<li><a href="zeo.html#SECTION000440000000000000000">3.4 ZEO Programming Notes</a>
+<li><a href="zeo.html#SECTION000450000000000000000">3.5 Sample Application: chatter.py</a>
+</ul>
+<li><a href="node5.html">4 Transactions and Versioning</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="node5.html#SECTION000510000000000000000">4.1 Subtransactions</a>
+<li><a href="node5.html#SECTION000520000000000000000">4.2 Undoing Changes</a>
+<li><a href="node5.html#SECTION000530000000000000000">4.3 Versions</a>
+<li><a href="node5.html#SECTION000540000000000000000">4.4 Multithreaded ZODB Programs</a>
+</ul>
+<li><a href="node6.html">5 Related Modules</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="node6.html#SECTION000610000000000000000">5.1 ZODB.PersistentMapping</a>
+<li><a href="node6.html#SECTION000620000000000000000">5.2 ZODB.PersistentList</a>
+<li><a href="node6.html#SECTION000630000000000000000">5.3 BTrees Package</a>
+</ul>
+<li><a href="node7.html">A. Resources</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html">B. GNU Free Documentation License</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000810000000000000000">Preamble</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000820000000000000000">B..1 Applicability and Definitions</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000830000000000000000">B..2 Verbatim Copying</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000840000000000000000">B..3 Copying in Quantity</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000850000000000000000">B..4 Modifications</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000860000000000000000">B..5 Combining Documents</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000870000000000000000">B..6 Collections of Documents</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000880000000000000000">B..7 Aggregation With Independent Works</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000890000000000000000">B..8 Translation</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION0008100000000000000000">B..9 Termination</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION0008110000000000000000">B..10 Future Revisions of This Licence</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION0008120000000000000000">ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</a>
+</ul>
+<li><a href="about.html">About this document ...</a>
+</ul>
<!--End of Table of Contents-->
-<P>
+<p>
©Copyright 2002 A.M. Kuchling.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
@@ -114,45 +104,39 @@
A copy of the license is included in the appendix entitled ``GNU
Free Documentation License''.
-<P>
+<p>
-<P>
+<p>
-<DIV CLASS="navigation">
-<div class='online-navigation'>
-<p></p><hr />
-<table align="center" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2">
-<tr>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide"
- href="zodb.html"><img src='previous.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Previous Page' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="parent" title="ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide"
- href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Up One Level' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="1 Introduction"
- href="node2.html"><img src='next.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Next Page' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td align="center" width="100%">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
-</tr></table>
-<div class='online-navigation'>
-<b class="navlabel">Previous:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="prev" href="zodb.html">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</A>
-<b class="navlabel">Up:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="parent" href="zodb.html">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</A>
-<b class="navlabel">Next:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="next" href="node2.html">1 Introduction</A>
+<div class="navigation">
+<div id='bot-navigation-panel' xml:id='bot-navigation-panel'
+ class='online-navigation'>
+ <div class='spacer'></div>
+ <table class='iconbar'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="ZODB/ZEO programming Guide"
+ href="zodb.html"><img src='previous.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Previous Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="parent" title="ZODB/ZEO programming Guide"
+ href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Up one Level' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="1 Introduction"
+ href="node2.html"><img src='next.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Next Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='titlebox'>ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ <div class='online-navigation text-links'>
+ Previous: <a rel="prev" href="zodb.html">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</a>
+ Up: <a rel="parent" href="zodb.html">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</a>
+ Next: <a rel="next" href="node2.html">1 Introduction</a>
+ </div>
+</div>
+<div class='spacer'></div>
+<span class="release-info">Documentation released on 27 April 2005.</span>
+<address>See <i><a href="about.html">About this document...</a></i>
+for information on suggesting changes.</address>
</div>
</div>
-<hr />
-<span class="release-info">Release 3.2.7, documentation updated on April 26, 2005.</span>
-</DIV>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
+</div> <!-- page-wrapper -->
+</body>
+</html>
=== ZODB3/Doc/zodb/img1.png 1.1.2.2 => 1.1.2.3 ===
=== ZODB3/Doc/zodb/index.html 1.2.6.19 => 1.2.6.20 ===
--- ZODB3/Doc/zodb/index.html:1.2.6.19 Tue Apr 26 16:05:59 2005
+++ ZODB3/Doc/zodb/index.html Wed Apr 27 15:08:21 2005
@@ -2,41 +2,31 @@
<html>
<head>
<link rel="STYLESHEET" href="zodb.css" type='text/css' />
-<link rel="first" href="zodb.html" title='ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide' />
+<link rel="first" href="zodb.html" title='ZODB/ZEO programming Guide' />
<link rel='contents' href='contents.html' title="Contents" />
<link rel='last' href='about.html' title='About this document...' />
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+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
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+<div class="navigation">
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+ <table class='iconbar'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="Contents"
+ href="contents.html"><img src='next.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Next Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
+ href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Contents' /></a></td>
+ <td class='titlebox'>ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ <div class='spacer'></div>
+</div>
</div>
-<hr /></div>
-</DIV>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
<div class="titlepage">
@@ -44,128 +34,117 @@
<h1>ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</h1>
<p><b><font size="+2">A.M. Kuchling</font></b></p>
<p><span class="email">amk at amk.ca</span></p>
-<p><strong>Release 3.2.7</strong><br />
-<strong>April 26, 2005</strong></p>
+<p><strong>Release 3.2.8</strong><br />
+<strong>27 April 2005</strong></p>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
-<p><br /></p><hr class='online-navigation' />
-<div class='online-navigation'>
-<!--Table of Child-Links-->
-<A NAME="CHILD_LINKS"></a>
-
-<UL CLASS="ChildLinks">
-<LI><A href="contents.html">Contents</a>
-<LI><A href="node2.html">1 Introduction</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="node2.html#SECTION000210000000000000000">1.1 What is the ZODB?</a>
-<LI><A href="node2.html#SECTION000220000000000000000">1.2 OODBs vs. Relational DBs</a>
-<LI><A href="node2.html#SECTION000230000000000000000">1.3 What is ZEO?</a>
-<LI><A href="node2.html#SECTION000240000000000000000">1.4 About this guide</a>
-<LI><A href="node2.html#SECTION000250000000000000000">1.5 Acknowledgements</a>
-</ul>
-<LI><A href="node3.html">2 ZODB Programming</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000310000000000000000">2.1 Installing ZODB</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000311000000000000000">2.1.1 Requirements</a>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000312000000000000000">2.1.2 Installing the Packages</a>
-</ul>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000320000000000000000">2.2 How ZODB Works</a>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000330000000000000000">2.3 Opening a ZODB</a>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000340000000000000000">2.4 Writing a Persistent Class</a>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000350000000000000000">2.5 Rules for Writing Persistent Classes</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000351000000000000000">2.5.1 Modifying Mutable Objects</a>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000352000000000000000">2.5.2 Some Special Methods Don't Work</a>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000353000000000000000">2.5.3 <tt class="method">__getattr__</tt>, <tt class="method">__delattr__</tt>, and <tt class="method">__setattr__</tt></a>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000354000000000000000">2.5.4 <tt class="method">__del__</tt> methods</a>
-</ul>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000360000000000000000">2.6 Writing Persistent Classes</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000361000000000000000">2.6.1 Changing Instance Attributes</a>
-</ul>
-</ul>
-<LI><A href="zeo.html">3 ZEO</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="zeo.html#SECTION000410000000000000000">3.1 How ZEO Works</a>
-<LI><A href="zeo.html#SECTION000420000000000000000">3.2 Installing ZEO</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="zeo.html#SECTION000421000000000000000">3.2.1 Requirements</a>
-<LI><A href="zeo.html#SECTION000422000000000000000">3.2.2 Running a server</a>
-</ul>
-<LI><A href="zeo.html#SECTION000430000000000000000">3.3 Testing the ZEO Installation</a>
-<LI><A href="zeo.html#SECTION000440000000000000000">3.4 ZEO Programming Notes</a>
-<LI><A href="zeo.html#SECTION000450000000000000000">3.5 Sample Application: chatter.py</a>
-</ul>
-<LI><A href="node5.html">4 Transactions and Versioning</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="node5.html#SECTION000510000000000000000">4.1 Subtransactions</a>
-<LI><A href="node5.html#SECTION000520000000000000000">4.2 Undoing Changes</a>
-<LI><A href="node5.html#SECTION000530000000000000000">4.3 Versions</a>
-<LI><A href="node5.html#SECTION000540000000000000000">4.4 Multithreaded ZODB Programs</a>
-</ul>
-<LI><A href="node6.html">5 Related Modules</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="node6.html#SECTION000610000000000000000">5.1 <tt class="module">ZODB.PersistentMapping</tt></a>
-<LI><A href="node6.html#SECTION000620000000000000000">5.2 <tt class="module">ZODB.PersistentList</tt></a>
-<LI><A href="node6.html#SECTION000630000000000000000">5.3 BTrees Package</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="node6.html#SECTION000631000000000000000">5.3.1 Total Ordering and Persistence</a>
-</ul>
-</ul>
-<LI><A href="node7.html">A. Resources</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html">B. GNU Free Documentation License</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000810000000000000000">Preamble</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000820000000000000000">B..1 Applicability and Definitions</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000830000000000000000">B..2 Verbatim Copying</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000840000000000000000">B..3 Copying in Quantity</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000850000000000000000">B..4 Modifications</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000860000000000000000">B..5 Combining Documents</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000870000000000000000">B..6 Collections of Documents</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000880000000000000000">B..7 Aggregation With Independent Works</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000890000000000000000">B..8 Translation</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION0008100000000000000000">B..9 Termination</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION0008110000000000000000">B..10 Future Revisions of This Licence</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION0008120000000000000000">ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</a>
+<ul class="ChildLinks">
+<li><a href="contents.html">Contents</a>
+<li><a href="node2.html">1 Introduction</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="node2.html#SECTION000210000000000000000">1.1 What is the ZODB?</a>
+<li><a href="node2.html#SECTION000220000000000000000">1.2 OODBs vs. Relational DBs</a>
+<li><a href="node2.html#SECTION000230000000000000000">1.3 What is ZEO?</a>
+<li><a href="node2.html#SECTION000240000000000000000">1.4 About this guide</a>
+<li><a href="node2.html#SECTION000250000000000000000">1.5 Acknowledgements</a>
+</ul>
+<li><a href="node3.html">2 ZODB Programming</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000310000000000000000">2.1 Installing ZODB</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000311000000000000000">2.1.1 Requirements</a>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000312000000000000000">2.1.2 Installing the Packages</a>
+</ul>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000320000000000000000">2.2 How ZODB Works</a>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000330000000000000000">2.3 Opening a ZODB</a>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000340000000000000000">2.4 Writing a Persistent Class</a>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000350000000000000000">2.5 Rules for Writing Persistent Classes</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000351000000000000000">2.5.1 Modifying Mutable Objects</a>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000352000000000000000">2.5.2 Some Special Methods Don't Work</a>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000353000000000000000">2.5.3 <tt class="method">__getattr__</tt>, <tt class="method">__delattr__</tt>, and <tt class="method">__setattr__</tt></a>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000354000000000000000">2.5.4 <tt class="method">__del__</tt> methods</a>
+</ul>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000360000000000000000">2.6 Writing Persistent Classes</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000361000000000000000">2.6.1 Changing Instance Attributes</a>
+</ul>
+</ul>
+<li><a href="zeo.html">3 ZEO</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="zeo.html#SECTION000410000000000000000">3.1 How ZEO Works</a>
+<li><a href="zeo.html#SECTION000420000000000000000">3.2 Installing ZEO</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="zeo.html#SECTION000421000000000000000">3.2.1 Requirements</a>
+<li><a href="zeo.html#SECTION000422000000000000000">3.2.2 Running a server</a>
+</ul>
+<li><a href="zeo.html#SECTION000430000000000000000">3.3 Testing the ZEO Installation</a>
+<li><a href="zeo.html#SECTION000440000000000000000">3.4 ZEO Programming Notes</a>
+<li><a href="zeo.html#SECTION000450000000000000000">3.5 Sample Application: chatter.py</a>
+</ul>
+<li><a href="node5.html">4 Transactions and Versioning</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="node5.html#SECTION000510000000000000000">4.1 Subtransactions</a>
+<li><a href="node5.html#SECTION000520000000000000000">4.2 Undoing Changes</a>
+<li><a href="node5.html#SECTION000530000000000000000">4.3 Versions</a>
+<li><a href="node5.html#SECTION000540000000000000000">4.4 Multithreaded ZODB Programs</a>
+</ul>
+<li><a href="node6.html">5 Related Modules</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="node6.html#SECTION000610000000000000000">5.1 <tt class="module">ZODB.PersistentMapping</tt></a>
+<li><a href="node6.html#SECTION000620000000000000000">5.2 <tt class="module">ZODB.PersistentList</tt></a>
+<li><a href="node6.html#SECTION000630000000000000000">5.3 BTrees Package</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="node6.html#SECTION000631000000000000000">5.3.1 Total Ordering and Persistence</a>
+</ul>
+</ul>
+<li><a href="node7.html">A. Resources</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html">B. GNU Free Documentation License</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000810000000000000000">Preamble</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000820000000000000000">B..1 Applicability and Definitions</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000830000000000000000">B..2 Verbatim Copying</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000840000000000000000">B..3 Copying in Quantity</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000850000000000000000">B..4 Modifications</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000860000000000000000">B..5 Combining Documents</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000870000000000000000">B..6 Collections of Documents</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000880000000000000000">B..7 Aggregation With Independent Works</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000890000000000000000">B..8 Translation</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION0008100000000000000000">B..9 Termination</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION0008110000000000000000">B..10 Future Revisions of This Licence</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION0008120000000000000000">ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</a>
</ul>
-<LI><A href="about.html">About this document ...</a>
+<li><a href="about.html">About this document ...</a>
</ul>
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-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='up.png'
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-</div>
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-<hr />
-<span class="release-info">Release 3.2.7, documentation updated on April 26, 2005.</span>
-</DIV>
+<div class="navigation">
+<div id='bot-navigation-panel' xml:id='bot-navigation-panel'
+ class='online-navigation'>
+ <div class='spacer'></div>
+ <table class='iconbar'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="Contents"
+ href="contents.html"><img src='next.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Next Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
+ href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Contents' /></a></td>
+ <td class='titlebox'>ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ <div class='online-navigation text-links'>
+ Next: <a rel="next" href="contents.html">Contents</a>
+ </div>
+</div>
+<div class='spacer'></div>
+<span class="release-info">Documentation released on 27 April 2005.</span>
+<address>See <i><a href="about.html">About this document...</a></i>
+for information on suggesting changes.</address>
+</div>
+</div>
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-</BODY>
-</HTML>
+</div> <!-- page-wrapper -->
+</body>
+</html>
=== ZODB3/Doc/zodb/node2.html 1.2.6.19 => 1.2.6.20 ===
--- ZODB3/Doc/zodb/node2.html:1.2.6.19 Tue Apr 26 16:05:59 2005
+++ ZODB3/Doc/zodb/node2.html Wed Apr 27 15:08:21 2005
@@ -2,90 +2,73 @@
<html>
<head>
<link rel="STYLESHEET" href="zodb.css" type='text/css' />
-<link rel="first" href="zodb.html" title='ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide' />
+<link rel="first" href="zodb.html" title='ZODB/ZEO programming Guide' />
<link rel='contents' href='contents.html' title="Contents" />
<link rel='last' href='about.html' title='About this document...' />
<link rel='help' href='about.html' title='About this document...' />
-<link rel="next" href="node3.html" />
<link rel="prev" href="contents.html" />
<link rel="parent" href="zodb.html" />
<link rel="next" href="node3.html" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
<meta name='aesop' content='information' />
<title>1 Introduction</title>
</head>
<body>
-<DIV CLASS="navigation">
+<div class="page-wrapper">
+<div class="navigation">
<div id='top-navigation-panel' xml:id='top-navigation-panel'>
-<table align="center" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2">
-<tr>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="Contents"
- href="contents.html"><img src='previous.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Previous Page' width='32' /></A></td>
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- href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Up One Level' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="2 ZODB Programming"
- href="node3.html"><img src='next.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Next Page' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td align="center" width="100%">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
- href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Contents' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
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-<b class="navlabel">Previous:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="prev" href="contents.html">Contents</A>
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-<b class="navlabel">Next:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="next" href="node3.html">2 ZODB Programming</A>
+ <table class='iconbar'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="Contents"
+ href="contents.html"><img src='previous.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Previous Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="parent" title="ZODB/ZEO programming Guide"
+ href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Up one Level' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="2 zodb Programming"
+ href="node3.html"><img src='next.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Next Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
+ href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Contents' /></a></td>
+ <td class='titlebox'>ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ <div class='spacer'></div>
+</div>
</div>
-<hr /></div>
-</DIV>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
-<div class='online-navigation'>
-<!--Table of Child-Links-->
-<A NAME="CHILD_LINKS"><STRONG>Subsections</STRONG></a>
-
-<UL CLASS="ChildLinks">
-<LI><A href="node2.html#SECTION000210000000000000000">1.1 What is the ZODB?</a>
-<LI><A href="node2.html#SECTION000220000000000000000">1.2 OODBs vs. Relational DBs</a>
-<LI><A href="node2.html#SECTION000230000000000000000">1.3 What is ZEO?</a>
-<LI><A href="node2.html#SECTION000240000000000000000">1.4 About this guide</a>
-<LI><A href="node2.html#SECTION000250000000000000000">1.5 Acknowledgements</a>
+
+<ul class="ChildLinks">
+<li><a href="node2.html#SECTION000210000000000000000">1.1 What is the ZODB?</a>
+<li><a href="node2.html#SECTION000220000000000000000">1.2 OODBs vs. Relational DBs</a>
+<li><a href="node2.html#SECTION000230000000000000000">1.3 What is ZEO?</a>
+<li><a href="node2.html#SECTION000240000000000000000">1.4 About this guide</a>
+<li><a href="node2.html#SECTION000250000000000000000">1.5 Acknowledgements</a>
</ul>
<!--End of Table of Child-Links-->
-</div>
-<HR>
+<hr>
-<H1><A NAME="SECTION000200000000000000000">
-1 Introduction</A>
-</H1>
+<h1><a name="SECTION000200000000000000000">
+1 Introduction</a>
+</h1>
-<P>
+<p>
This guide explains how to write Python programs that use the Z Object
Database (ZODB) and Zope Enterprise Objects (ZEO). The latest version
of the guide is always available at
<a class="url" href="http://www.zope.org/Wikis/ZODB/guide/index.html">http://www.zope.org/Wikis/ZODB/guide/index.html</a>.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000210000000000000000">
-1.1 What is the ZODB?</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000210000000000000000">
+1.1 What is the ZODB?</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
The ZODB is a persistence system for Python objects. Persistent
programming languages provide facilities that automatically write
objects to disk and read them in again when they're required by a
running program. By installing the ZODB, you add such facilities to
Python.
-<P>
+<p>
It's certainly possible to build your own system for making Python
objects persistent. The usual starting points are the <tt class="module">pickle</tt>
module, for converting objects into a string representation, and
@@ -96,20 +79,20 @@
<tt class="module">shelve</tt> module, included in Python's standard library, does
this.
-<P>
+<p>
The downside is that the programmer has to explicitly manage objects,
reading an object when it's needed and writing it out to disk when the
object is no longer required. The ZODB manages objects for you,
keeping them in a cache and writing them out if they haven't been
accessed in a while.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000220000000000000000">
-1.2 OODBs vs. Relational DBs</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000220000000000000000">
+1.2 OODBs vs. Relational DBs</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
Another way to look at it is that the ZODB is a Python-specific
object-oriented database (OODB). Commercial object databases for C++
or Java often require that you jump through some hoops, such as using
@@ -117,14 +100,14 @@
the ZODB has some hoops of its own to jump through, but in comparison
the naturalness of the ZODB is astonishing.
-<P>
+<p>
Relational databases (RDBs) are far more common than OODBs.
Relational databases store information in tables; a table consists of
any number of rows, each row containing several columns of
information. (Rows are more formally called relations, which is where
the term ``relational database'' originates.)
-<P>
+<p>
Let's look at a concrete example. The example comes from my day job
working for the MEMS Exchange, in a greatly simplified version. The
job is to track process runs, which are lists of manufacturing steps
@@ -134,17 +117,17 @@
performed, such as depositing something on a wafer or etching
something off it.
-<P>
+<p>
Operations may have parameters, which are additional information
required to perform an operation. For example, if you're depositing
something on a wafer, you need to know two things: 1) what you're
depositing, and 2) how much should be deposited. You might deposit
100 microns of silicon oxide, or 1 micron of copper.
-<P>
+<p>
Mapping these structures to a relational database is straightforward:
-<P>
+<p>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
CREATE TABLE runs (
int run_id,
@@ -173,7 +156,7 @@
);
</pre></div>
-<P>
+<p>
In Python, you would write three classes named <tt class="class">Run</tt>,
<tt class="class">Operation</tt>, and <tt class="class">Parameter</tt>. I won't present code for
defining these classes, since that code is uninteresting at this
@@ -181,7 +164,7 @@
<tt class="method">__init__</tt> method that assigns default values, such as 0 or
<code>None</code>, to each attribute of the class.
-<P>
+<p>
It's not difficult to write Python code that will create a <tt class="class">Run</tt>
instance and populate it with the data from the relational tables;
with a little more effort, you can build a straightforward tool,
@@ -189,11 +172,10 @@
(See
<a class="url" href="http://www.amk.ca/python/unmaintained/ordb.html">http://www.amk.ca/python/unmaintained/ordb.html</a> for a quick hack
at a Python object-relational mapper, and
-<a class="url" href="http://www.python.org/workshops/1997-10/proceedings/shprentz.html">http://www.python.org/workshops/1997-10/proceedings/shprentz.html</a>
-for Joel Shprentz's more successful implementation of the same idea;
+<a class="url" href="http://www.python.org/workshops/1997-10/proceedings/shprentz.html">http://www.python.org/workshops/1997-10/proceedings/shprentz.html</a>for Joel Shprentz's more successful implementation of the same idea;
Unlike mine, Shprentz's system has been used for actual work.)
-<P>
+<p>
However, it is difficult to make an object-relational mapper
reasonably quick; a simple-minded implementation like mine is quite
slow because it has to do several queries to access all of an object's
@@ -201,49 +183,49 @@
improve performance, only performing SQL queries when they actually
need to.
-<P>
+<p>
That helps if you want to access run number 123 all of a sudden. But
what if you want to find all runs where a step has a parameter named
'thickness' with a value of 2.0? In the relational version, you have
two unappealing choices:
-<P>
+<p>
-<OL>
-<LI>Write a specialized SQL query for this case: <code>SELECT run_id
+<ol>
+<li>Write a specialized SQL query for this case: <code>SELECT run_id
FROM operations WHERE param_name = 'thickness' AND param_value = 2.0</code>
-<P>
+<p>
If such queries are common, you can end up with lots of specialized
queries. When the database tables get rearranged, all these queries
will need to be modified.
-<P>
-</LI>
-<LI>An object-relational mapper doesn't help much. Scanning
+<p>
+</li>
+<li>An object-relational mapper doesn't help much. Scanning
through the runs means that the the mapper will perform the required
SQL queries to read run #1, and then a simple Python loop can check
whether any of its steps have the parameter you're looking for.
Repeat for run #2, 3, and so forth. This does a vast
number of SQL queries, and therefore is incredibly slow.
-<P>
-</LI>
-</OL>
+<p>
+</li>
+</ol>
-<P>
+<p>
An object database such as ZODB simply stores internal pointers from
object to object, so reading in a single object is much faster than
doing a bunch of SQL queries and assembling the results. Scanning all
runs, therefore, is still inefficient, but not grossly inefficient.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000230000000000000000">
-1.3 What is ZEO?</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000230000000000000000">
+1.3 What is ZEO?</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
The ZODB comes with a few different classes that implement the
<tt class="class">Storage</tt> interface. Such classes handle the job of
writing out Python objects to a physical storage medium, which can be
@@ -257,13 +239,13 @@
physical <tt class="class">Storage</tt> class. It's a fairly simple idea, but as
we'll see later on in this document, it opens up many possibilities.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000240000000000000000">
-1.4 About this guide</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000240000000000000000">
+1.4 About this guide</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
The primary author of this guide works on a project which uses the
ZODB and ZEO as its primary storage technology. We use the ZODB to
store process runs and operations, a catalog of available processes,
@@ -274,70 +256,65 @@
knowledge we've gained so that others don't have to make the same
mistakes we did while learning.
-<P>
+<p>
The author's ZODB project is described in a paper available here,
<a class="url" href="http://www.amk.ca/python/writing/mx-architecture/">http://www.amk.ca/python/writing/mx-architecture/</a>
-<P>
+<p>
This document will always be a work in progress. If you wish to
suggest clarifications or additional topics, please send your comments to
<span class="email">zodb-dev at zope.org</span>.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000250000000000000000">
-1.5 Acknowledgements</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000250000000000000000">
+1.5 Acknowledgements</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
Andrew Kuchling wrote the original version of this guide, which
provided some of the first ZODB documentation for Python programmers.
His initial version has been updated over time by Jeremy Hylton and
Tim Peters.
-<P>
+<p>
I'd like to thank the people who've pointed out inaccuracies and bugs,
offered suggestions on the text, or proposed new topics that should be
covered: Jeff Bauer, Willem Broekema, Thomas Guettler,
Chris McDonough, George Runyan.
-<P>
+<p>
-<DIV CLASS="navigation">
-<div class='online-navigation'>
-<p></p><hr />
-<table align="center" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2">
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+<div class="navigation">
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+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="2 zodb Programming"
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+ <td class='titlebox'>ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
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+<div class='spacer'></div>
+<span class="release-info">Documentation released on 27 April 2005.</span>
+<address>See <i><a href="about.html">About this document...</a></i>
+for information on suggesting changes.</address>
</div>
</div>
-<hr />
-<span class="release-info">Release 3.2.7, documentation updated on April 26, 2005.</span>
-</DIV>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
+</div> <!-- page-wrapper -->
+</body>
+</html>
=== ZODB3/Doc/zodb/node3.html 1.2.6.19 => 1.2.6.20 ===
--- ZODB3/Doc/zodb/node3.html:1.2.6.19 Tue Apr 26 16:05:59 2005
+++ ZODB3/Doc/zodb/node3.html Wed Apr 27 15:08:21 2005
@@ -2,131 +2,114 @@
<html>
<head>
<link rel="STYLESHEET" href="zodb.css" type='text/css' />
-<link rel="first" href="zodb.html" title='ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide' />
+<link rel="first" href="zodb.html" title='ZODB/ZEO programming Guide' />
<link rel='contents' href='contents.html' title="Contents" />
<link rel='last' href='about.html' title='About this document...' />
<link rel='help' href='about.html' title='About this document...' />
-<link rel="next" href="zeo.html" />
<link rel="prev" href="node2.html" />
<link rel="parent" href="zodb.html" />
<link rel="next" href="zeo.html" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
<meta name='aesop' content='information' />
<title>2 ZODB Programming</title>
</head>
<body>
-<DIV CLASS="navigation">
+<div class="page-wrapper">
+<div class="navigation">
<div id='top-navigation-panel' xml:id='top-navigation-panel'>
-<table align="center" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2">
-<tr>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="1 Introduction"
- href="node2.html"><img src='previous.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Previous Page' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="parent" title="ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide"
- href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Up One Level' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="3 ZEO"
- href="zeo.html"><img src='next.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Next Page' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td align="center" width="100%">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
- href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Contents' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
-</tr></table>
-<div class='online-navigation'>
-<b class="navlabel">Previous:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="prev" href="node2.html">1 Introduction</A>
-<b class="navlabel">Up:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="parent" href="zodb.html">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</A>
-<b class="navlabel">Next:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="next" href="zeo.html">3 ZEO</A>
+ <table class='iconbar'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="1 Introduction"
+ href="node2.html"><img src='previous.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Previous Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="parent" title="ZODB/ZEO programming Guide"
+ href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Up one Level' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="3 ZEO"
+ href="zeo.html"><img src='next.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Next Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
+ href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Contents' /></a></td>
+ <td class='titlebox'>ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ <div class='spacer'></div>
+</div>
</div>
-<hr /></div>
-</DIV>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
-<div class='online-navigation'>
-<!--Table of Child-Links-->
-<A NAME="CHILD_LINKS"><STRONG>Subsections</STRONG></a>
-
-<UL CLASS="ChildLinks">
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000310000000000000000">2.1 Installing ZODB</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000311000000000000000">2.1.1 Requirements</a>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000312000000000000000">2.1.2 Installing the Packages</a>
+
+<ul class="ChildLinks">
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000310000000000000000">2.1 Installing ZODB</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000311000000000000000">2.1.1 Requirements</a>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000312000000000000000">2.1.2 Installing the Packages</a>
</ul>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000320000000000000000">2.2 How ZODB Works</a>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000330000000000000000">2.3 Opening a ZODB</a>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000340000000000000000">2.4 Writing a Persistent Class</a>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000350000000000000000">2.5 Rules for Writing Persistent Classes</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000351000000000000000">2.5.1 Modifying Mutable Objects</a>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000352000000000000000">2.5.2 Some Special Methods Don't Work</a>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000353000000000000000">2.5.3 <tt class="method">__getattr__</tt>, <tt class="method">__delattr__</tt>, and <tt class="method">__setattr__</tt></a>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000354000000000000000">2.5.4 <tt class="method">__del__</tt> methods</a>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000320000000000000000">2.2 How ZODB Works</a>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000330000000000000000">2.3 Opening a ZODB</a>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000340000000000000000">2.4 Writing a Persistent Class</a>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000350000000000000000">2.5 Rules for Writing Persistent Classes</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000351000000000000000">2.5.1 Modifying Mutable Objects</a>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000352000000000000000">2.5.2 Some Special Methods Don't Work</a>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000353000000000000000">2.5.3 <tt class="method">__getattr__</tt>, <tt class="method">__delattr__</tt>, and <tt class="method">__setattr__</tt></a>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000354000000000000000">2.5.4 <tt class="method">__del__</tt> methods</a>
</ul>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000360000000000000000">2.6 Writing Persistent Classes</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000361000000000000000">2.6.1 Changing Instance Attributes</a>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000360000000000000000">2.6 Writing Persistent Classes</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000361000000000000000">2.6.1 Changing Instance Attributes</a>
</ul></ul>
<!--End of Table of Child-Links-->
-</div>
-<HR>
+<hr>
-<H1><A NAME="SECTION000300000000000000000">
-2 ZODB Programming</A>
-</H1>
+<h1><a name="SECTION000300000000000000000">
+2 ZODB Programming</a>
+</h1>
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000310000000000000000">
-2.1 Installing ZODB</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000310000000000000000">
+2.1 Installing ZODB</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
ZODB is packaged using the standard distutils tools.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H3><A NAME="SECTION000311000000000000000">
-2.1.1 Requirements</A>
-</H3>
+<h3><a name="SECTION000311000000000000000">
+2.1.1 Requirements</a>
+</h3>
-<P>
+<p>
You will need Python 2.2 or higher. Since the code is packaged using
distutils, it is simply a matter of untarring or unzipping the release
package, and then running <code>python setup.py install</code>.
-<P>
+<p>
You'll need a C compiler to build the packages, because there are
various C extension modules. Binary installers are provided for
Windows users.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H3><A NAME="SECTION000312000000000000000">
-2.1.2 Installing the Packages</A>
-</H3>
+<h3><a name="SECTION000312000000000000000">
+2.1.2 Installing the Packages</a>
+</h3>
-<P>
+<p>
Download the ZODB tarball containing all the packages for both ZODB
and ZEO from <a class="url" href="http://www.zope.org/Products/ZODB3.2">http://www.zope.org/Products/ZODB3.2</a>. See
the <span class="file">README.txt</span> file in the top level of the release directory
for details on building, testing, and installing.
-<P>
+<p>
You can find information about ZODB and the most current releases in
the ZODB Wiki at <a class="url" href="http://www.zope.org/Wikis/ZODB">http://www.zope.org/Wikis/ZODB</a>.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000320000000000000000">
-2.2 How ZODB Works</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000320000000000000000">
+2.2 How ZODB Works</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
The ZODB is conceptually simple. Python classes subclass a
<tt class="class">Persistent</tt> class to become ZODB-aware.
Instances of persistent objects are brought in from a permanent
@@ -139,7 +122,7 @@
results in any changes being discarded, dirty objects reverting to
their initial state before the transaction began.
-<P>
+<p>
The term ``transaction'' has a specific technical meaning in computer
science. It's extremely important that the contents of a database
don't get corrupted by software or hardware crashes, and most database
@@ -148,14 +131,14 @@
In computer science jargon these four terms are collectively dubbed
the ACID properties, forming an acronym from their names.
-<P>
+<p>
The ZODB provides all of the ACID properties. Definitions of the
ACID properties are:
-<P>
-<DL COMPACT>
-<DT>Atomicity</DT>
-<DD>means that any changes to data made during a transaction
+<p>
+<dl compact>
+<dt>Atomicity</dt>
+<dd>means that any changes to data made during a transaction
are all-or-nothing. Either all the changes are applied, or none of
them are. If a program makes a bunch of modifications and then
crashes, the database won't be partially modified, potentially leaving
@@ -164,10 +147,10 @@
partially-applied modification put the database into an inconsistent
state.
-<P>
-</DD>
-<DT>Consistency</DT>
-<DD>means that each transaction executes a valid
+<p>
+</dd>
+<dt>Consistency</dt>
+<dd>means that each transaction executes a valid
transformation of the database state. Some databases, but not ZODB,
provide a variety of consistency checks in the database or language;
for example, a relational database constraint columns to be of
@@ -175,40 +158,40 @@
generally, atomicity and isolation make it possible for applications
to provide consistency.
-<P>
-</DD>
-<DT>Isolation</DT>
-<DD>means that two programs or threads running in two
+<p>
+</dd>
+<dt>Isolation</dt>
+<dd>means that two programs or threads running in two
different transactions cannot see each other's changes until they
commit their transactions.
-<P>
-</DD>
-<DT>Durability</DT>
-<DD>means that once a transaction has been committed,
+<p>
+</dd>
+<dt>Durability</dt>
+<dd>means that once a transaction has been committed,
a subsequent crash will not cause any data to be lost or corrupted.
-<P>
-</DD>
-</DL>
+<p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000330000000000000000">
-2.3 Opening a ZODB</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000330000000000000000">
+2.3 Opening a ZODB</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
There are 3 main interfaces supplied by the ZODB:
<tt class="class">Storage</tt>, <tt class="class">DB</tt>, and <tt class="class">Connection</tt> classes. The
<tt class="class">DB</tt> and <tt class="class">Connection</tt> interfaces both have single
implementations, but there are several different classes that
implement the <tt class="class">Storage</tt> interface.
-<P>
+<p>
-<UL>
-<LI><tt class="class">Storage</tt> classes are the lowest layer, and handle
+<ul>
+<li><tt class="class">Storage</tt> classes are the lowest layer, and handle
storing and retrieving objects from some form of long-term storage.
A few different types of Storage have been written, such as
<tt class="class">FileStorage</tt>, which uses regular disk files, and
@@ -219,31 +202,31 @@
<tt class="class">DemoStorage</tt> and <tt class="class">MappingStorage</tt>, are available to use
as models if you want to write a new Storage.
-<P>
-</LI>
-<LI>The <tt class="class">DB</tt> class sits on top of a storage, and mediates the
+<p>
+</li>
+<li>The <tt class="class">DB</tt> class sits on top of a storage, and mediates the
interaction between several connections. One <tt class="class">DB</tt> instance is
created per process.
-<P>
-</LI>
-<LI>Finally, the <tt class="class">Connection</tt> class caches objects, and moves
+<p>
+</li>
+<li>Finally, the <tt class="class">Connection</tt> class caches objects, and moves
them into and out of object storage. A multi-threaded program should
open a separate <tt class="class">Connection</tt> instance for each thread.
Different threads can then modify objects and commit their
modifications independently.
-<P>
-</LI>
-</UL>
+<p>
+</li>
+</ul>
-<P>
+<p>
Preparing to use a ZODB requires 3 steps: you have to open the
<tt class="class">Storage</tt>, then create a <tt class="class">DB</tt> instance that uses the
<tt class="class">Storage</tt>, and then get a <tt class="class">Connection</tt> from the <tt class="class">DB
instance</tt>. All this is only a few lines of code:
-<P>
+<p>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
from ZODB import FileStorage, DB
@@ -252,23 +235,23 @@
conn = db.open()
</pre></div>
-<P>
+<p>
Note that you can use a completely different data storage mechanism by
changing the first line that opens a <tt class="class">Storage</tt>; the above example uses a
-<tt class="class">FileStorage</tt>. In section <A href="zeo.html#zeo">3</A>, ``How ZEO Works'',
+<tt class="class">FileStorage</tt>. In section <a href="zeo.html#zeo">3</a>, ``How ZEO Works'',
you'll see how ZEO uses this flexibility to good effect.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000340000000000000000">
-2.4 Writing a Persistent Class</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000340000000000000000">
+2.4 Writing a Persistent Class</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
Making a Python class persistent is quite simple; it simply needs to
subclass from the <tt class="class">Persistent</tt> class, as shown in this example:
-<P>
+<p>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
import ZODB
from Persistence import Persistent
@@ -277,24 +260,24 @@
pass
</pre></div>
-<P>
+<p>
The apparently unnecessary <code>import ZODB</code> statement is
needed for the following <code>from...import</code> statement to work
correctly, since the ZODB code does some magical tricks with
importing.
-<P>
+<p>
The <tt class="class">Persistent</tt> base class is an <tt class="module">ExtensionClass</tt>
class. As a result, it not compatible with new-style classes or types
in Python 2.2 and up.
-<P>
+<p>
For simplicity, in the examples the <tt class="class">User</tt> class will
simply be used as a holder for a bunch of attributes. Normally the
class would define various methods that add functionality, but that
has no impact on the ZODB's treatment of the class.
-<P>
+<p>
The ZODB uses persistence by reachability; starting from a set of root
objects, all the attributes of those objects are made persistent,
whether they're simple Python data types or class instances. There's
@@ -303,7 +286,7 @@
that's already in the database. This chain of containment must
eventually reach back to the root object of the database.
-<P>
+<p>
As an example, we'll create a simple database of users that allows
retrieving a <tt class="class">User</tt> object given the user's ID. First, we
retrieve the primary root object of the ZODB using the <tt class="method">root()</tt>
@@ -313,7 +296,7 @@
that will contain all the <tt class="class">User</tt> objects. (The
<tt class="class">BTree</tt> module is also included as part of Zope.)
-<P>
+<p>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
dbroot = conn.root()
@@ -326,12 +309,12 @@
userdb = dbroot['userdb']
</pre></div>
-<P>
+<p>
Inserting a new user is simple: create the <tt class="class">User</tt> object, fill
it with data, insert it into the <tt class="class">BTree</tt> instance, and commit
this transaction.
-<P>
+<p>
<div class="verbatim"><pre># Create new User instance
newuser = User()
@@ -347,7 +330,7 @@
get_transaction().commit()
</pre></div>
-<P>
+<p>
When you import the ZODB package, it adds a new function,
<tt class="function">get_transaction()</tt>, to Python's collection of built-in
functions. <tt class="function">get_transaction()</tt> returns a <tt class="class">Transaction</tt>
@@ -358,12 +341,12 @@
the objects. If you're familiar with database transactional
semantics, this is all what you'd expect.
-<P>
+<p>
Because the integration with Python is so complete, it's a lot like
having transactional semantics for your program's variables, and you
can experiment with transactions at the Python interpreter's prompt:
-<P>
+<p>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>>>> newuser
<User instance at 81b1f40>
>>> newuser.first_name # Print initial value
@@ -376,26 +359,26 @@
'Andrew'
</pre></div>
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000350000000000000000">
-2.5 Rules for Writing Persistent Classes</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000350000000000000000">
+2.5 Rules for Writing Persistent Classes</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
Practically all persistent languages impose some restrictions on
programming style, warning against constructs they can't handle or
adding subtle semantic changes, and the ZODB is no exception.
Happily, the ZODB's restrictions are fairly simple to understand, and
in practice it isn't too painful to work around them.
-<P>
+<p>
The summary of rules is as follows:
-<P>
+<p>
-<UL>
-<LI>If you modify a mutable object that's the value of an object's
+<ul>
+<li>If you modify a mutable object that's the value of an object's
attribute, the ZODB can't catch that, and won't mark the object as
dirty.
The solution is to either set the dirty bit yourself when you modify
@@ -404,45 +387,45 @@
<tt class="class">PersistentMapping</tt>)
that will set the dirty bit properly.
-<P>
-</LI>
-<LI>Certain of Python's special methods don't work when they're
+<p>
+</li>
+<li>Certain of Python's special methods don't work when they're
defined on ExtensionClasses. The most important ones are the
<tt class="method">__cmp__</tt> method, and the reversed versions of binary
arithmetic operations: <tt class="method">__radd__</tt>, <tt class="method">__rsub__</tt>, and so
forth.
-<P>
-</LI>
-<LI>Recent versions of the ZODB allow writing a class with
+<p>
+</li>
+<li>Recent versions of the ZODB allow writing a class with
<tt class="method">__setattr__</tt> , <tt class="method">__getattr__</tt>, or <tt class="method">__delattr__</tt> methods.
(Older versions didn't support this at all.)
If you write such a <tt class="method">__setattr__</tt> or <tt class="method">__delattr__</tt> method,
its code has to set the dirty bit manually.
-<P>
-</LI>
-<LI>A persistent class should not have a <tt class="method">__del__</tt> method.
+<p>
+</li>
+<li>A persistent class should not have a <tt class="method">__del__</tt> method.
The database moves objects freely between memory and storage. If an
object has not been used in a while, it may be released and its
contents loaded from storage the next time it is used. Since the
Python interpreter is unaware of persistence, it would call
<tt class="method">__del__</tt> each time the object was freed.
-<P>
-</LI>
-</UL>
+<p>
+</li>
+</ul>
-<P>
+<p>
Let's look at each of these rules in detail.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H3><A NAME="SECTION000351000000000000000">
-2.5.1 Modifying Mutable Objects</A>
-</H3>
+<h3><a name="SECTION000351000000000000000">
+2.5.1 Modifying Mutable Objects</a>
+</h3>
-<P>
+<p>
The ZODB uses various Python hooks to catch attribute accesses, and
can trap most of the ways of modifying an object, but not all of them.
If you modify a <tt class="class">User</tt> object by assigning to one of its
@@ -450,7 +433,7 @@
mark the object as having been changed, and it'll be written out on
the following <tt class="method">commit()</tt>.
-<P>
+<p>
The most common idiom that <em>isn't</em> caught by the ZODB is
mutating a list or dictionary. If <tt class="class">User</tt> objects have a
attribute named <code>friends</code> containing a list, calling
@@ -460,25 +443,25 @@
happened to be an ordinary Python list, was returned. The ZODB isn't
aware that the object returned was subsequently modified.
-<P>
+<p>
This is one of the few quirks you'll have to remember when using the
ZODB; if you modify a mutable attribute of an object in place, you
have to manually mark the object as having been modified by setting
its dirty bit to true. This is done by setting the
<tt class="member">_p_changed</tt> attribute of the object to true:
-<P>
+<p>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
userobj.friends.append(otherUser)
userobj._p_changed = 1
</pre></div>
-<P>
+<p>
An obsolete way of doing this that's still supported is calling the
<tt class="method">__changed__()</tt> method instead, but setting <tt class="member">_p_changed</tt>
is the preferred way.
-<P>
+<p>
You can hide the implementation detail of having to mark objects as
dirty by designing your class's API to not use direct attribute
access; instead, you can use the Java-style approach of accessor
@@ -488,34 +471,34 @@
an <tt class="method">add_friend()</tt> modifier method to the class. <tt class="method">add_friend()</tt>
would then look like this:
-<P>
+<p>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
def add_friend(self, friend):
self.friends.append(otherUser)
self._p_changed = 1
</pre></div>
-<P>
+<p>
Alternatively, you could use a ZODB-aware list or mapping type that
handles the dirty bit for you. The ZODB comes with a
<tt class="class">PersistentMapping</tt> class, and I've contributed a
<tt class="class">PersistentList</tt> class that's included in my ZODB distribution,
and may make it into a future upstream release of Zope.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H3><A NAME="SECTION000352000000000000000">
-2.5.2 Some Special Methods Don't Work</A>
-</H3>
+<h3><a name="SECTION000352000000000000000">
+2.5.2 Some Special Methods Don't Work</a>
+</h3>
-<P>
+<p>
Don't bother defining certain special methods on
ExtensionClasses, because they won't work. Most notably, the
<tt class="method">__cmp__</tt> method on an ExtensionClass will never be called.
Neither will the reversed versions of binary arithmetic operations,
such as <tt class="method">__radd__</tt> and <tt class="method">__rsub__</tt>.
-<P>
+<p>
This is a moderately annoying limitation. It means that the
<tt class="class">PersistentList</tt> class can't implement comparisons with regular
sequence objects, and therefore statements such as
@@ -526,14 +509,14 @@
class interfaces that don't need to overload
<tt class="method">__cmp__</tt> or the <tt class="method">__r*__</tt> methods.
-<P>
+<p>
This limitation is mostly Python's fault. As of Python 2.1, the most
recent version at this writing, the code which handles comparing two
Python objects contains a hard-wired check for objects that are class
instances, which means that <code>type(obj) == types.InstanceType</code>.
The code inside the Python interpreter looks like this:
-<P>
+<p>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
/* Code to compare objects v and w */
if (PyInstance_Check(v) || PyInstance_Check(w))
@@ -542,20 +525,20 @@
c = PyObject_Compare(v, w);
</pre></div>
-<P>
+<p>
While ExtensionClasses try to behave as much like regular Python
instances as possible, they are still not instances, and
<tt class="function">type()</tt> doesn't return the <code>InstanceType</code> object, so
no attempt is ever made to call <tt class="method">__cmp__</tt>. Perhaps Python 2.2
will repair this.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H3><A NAME="SECTION000353000000000000000">
-2.5.3 <tt class="method">__getattr__</tt>, <tt class="method">__delattr__</tt>, and <tt class="method">__setattr__</tt></A>
-</H3>
+<h3><a name="SECTION000353000000000000000">
+2.5.3 <tt class="method">__getattr__</tt>, <tt class="method">__delattr__</tt>, and <tt class="method">__setattr__</tt></a>
+</h3>
-<P>
+<p>
Recent versions of ZODB allow writing persistent classes that have
<tt class="method">__getattr__</tt>, <tt class="method">__delattr__</tt>, or <tt class="method">__setattr__</tt>
methods. The one minor complication is that the machinery for
@@ -565,13 +548,13 @@
object should be marked as dirty by setting the object's
<tt class="member">_p_changed</tt> method to true.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H3><A NAME="SECTION000354000000000000000">
-2.5.4 <tt class="method">__del__</tt> methods</A>
-</H3>
+<h3><a name="SECTION000354000000000000000">
+2.5.4 <tt class="method">__del__</tt> methods</a>
+</h3>
-<P>
+<p>
A <tt class="method">__del__</tt> method is invoked just before the memory occupied by an
unreferenced Python object is freed. Because ZODB may materialize, and
dematerialize, a given persistent object in memory any number of times,
@@ -583,7 +566,7 @@
<tt class="method">__del__</tt> is only concerned with reachability from objects in
memory.
-<P>
+<p>
Worse, a <tt class="method">__del__</tt> method can interfere with the persistence
machinery's goals. For example, some number of persistent objects reside
in a <tt class="class">Connection</tt>'s memory cache. At various times, to reduce memory
@@ -600,29 +583,29 @@
reduction code to fall into an infinite loop. The infinite loop no longer
occurs, but such objects continue to live in the memory cache forever.
-<P>
+<p>
Because <tt class="method">__del__</tt> methods don't make good sense for persistent
objects, and can create problems, persistent classes should not define
<tt class="method">__del__</tt> methods.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000360000000000000000">
-2.6 Writing Persistent Classes</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000360000000000000000">
+2.6 Writing Persistent Classes</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
Now that we've looked at the basics of programming using the ZODB,
we'll turn to some more subtle tasks that are likely to come up for
anyone using the ZODB in a production system.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H3><A NAME="SECTION000361000000000000000">
-2.6.1 Changing Instance Attributes</A>
-</H3>
+<h3><a name="SECTION000361000000000000000">
+2.6.1 Changing Instance Attributes</a>
+</h3>
-<P>
+<p>
Ideally, before making a class persistent you would get its interface
right the first time, so that no attributes would ever need to be
added, removed, or have their interpretation change over time. It's a
@@ -635,7 +618,7 @@
of the data contained by an object, so you're implicitly changing the
schema.
-<P>
+<p>
One way to handle such a change is to write a one-time conversion
program that will loop over every single object in the database and
update them to match the new schema. This can be easy if your network
@@ -651,52 +634,47 @@
that would walk over every single object in a ZODB, checking each one
to see if it's an instance of <tt class="class">User</tt>.
-<P>
+<p>
Some OODBs support a feature called extents, which allow quickly
finding all the instances of a given class, no matter where they are
in the object graph; unfortunately the ZODB doesn't offer extents as a
feature.
-<P>
+<p>
-<P>
+<p>
-<DIV CLASS="navigation">
-<div class='online-navigation'>
-<p></p><hr />
-<table align="center" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2">
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+<div class="navigation">
+<div id='bot-navigation-panel' xml:id='bot-navigation-panel'
+ class='online-navigation'>
+ <div class='spacer'></div>
+ <table class='iconbar'>
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+ href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Up one Level' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="3 ZEO"
+ href="zeo.html"><img src='next.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Next Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
+ href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Contents' /></a></td>
+ <td class='titlebox'>ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
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+</div>
+<div class='spacer'></div>
+<span class="release-info">Documentation released on 27 April 2005.</span>
+<address>See <i><a href="about.html">About this document...</a></i>
+for information on suggesting changes.</address>
</div>
</div>
-<hr />
-<span class="release-info">Release 3.2.7, documentation updated on April 26, 2005.</span>
-</DIV>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
+</div> <!-- page-wrapper -->
+</body>
+</html>
=== ZODB3/Doc/zodb/node5.html 1.2.6.19 => 1.2.6.20 ===
--- ZODB3/Doc/zodb/node5.html:1.2.6.19 Tue Apr 26 16:05:59 2005
+++ ZODB3/Doc/zodb/node5.html Wed Apr 27 15:08:21 2005
@@ -2,82 +2,65 @@
<html>
<head>
<link rel="STYLESHEET" href="zodb.css" type='text/css' />
-<link rel="first" href="zodb.html" title='ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide' />
+<link rel="first" href="zodb.html" title='ZODB/ZEO programming Guide' />
<link rel='contents' href='contents.html' title="Contents" />
<link rel='last' href='about.html' title='About this document...' />
<link rel='help' href='about.html' title='About this document...' />
-<link rel="next" href="node6.html" />
<link rel="prev" href="zeo.html" />
<link rel="parent" href="zodb.html" />
<link rel="next" href="node6.html" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
<meta name='aesop' content='information' />
<title>4 Transactions and Versioning</title>
</head>
<body>
-<DIV CLASS="navigation">
+<div class="page-wrapper">
+<div class="navigation">
<div id='top-navigation-panel' xml:id='top-navigation-panel'>
-<table align="center" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2">
-<tr>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="3 ZEO"
- href="zeo.html"><img src='previous.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Previous Page' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="parent" title="ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide"
- href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Up One Level' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="5 Related Modules"
- href="node6.html"><img src='next.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Next Page' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td align="center" width="100%">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
- href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Contents' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
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-<b class="navlabel">Next:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="next" href="node6.html">5 Related Modules</A>
+ <table class='iconbar'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="3 ZEO"
+ href="zeo.html"><img src='previous.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Previous Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="parent" title="ZODB/ZEO programming Guide"
+ href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Up one Level' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="5 related Modules"
+ href="node6.html"><img src='next.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Next Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
+ href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Contents' /></a></td>
+ <td class='titlebox'>ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ <div class='spacer'></div>
+</div>
</div>
-<hr /></div>
-</DIV>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
-<div class='online-navigation'>
-<!--Table of Child-Links-->
-<A NAME="CHILD_LINKS"><STRONG>Subsections</STRONG></a>
-
-<UL CLASS="ChildLinks">
-<LI><A href="node5.html#SECTION000510000000000000000">4.1 Subtransactions</a>
-<LI><A href="node5.html#SECTION000520000000000000000">4.2 Undoing Changes</a>
-<LI><A href="node5.html#SECTION000530000000000000000">4.3 Versions</a>
-<LI><A href="node5.html#SECTION000540000000000000000">4.4 Multithreaded ZODB Programs</a>
+
+<ul class="ChildLinks">
+<li><a href="node5.html#SECTION000510000000000000000">4.1 Subtransactions</a>
+<li><a href="node5.html#SECTION000520000000000000000">4.2 Undoing Changes</a>
+<li><a href="node5.html#SECTION000530000000000000000">4.3 Versions</a>
+<li><a href="node5.html#SECTION000540000000000000000">4.4 Multithreaded ZODB Programs</a>
</ul>
<!--End of Table of Child-Links-->
-</div>
-<HR>
+<hr>
-<H1><A NAME="SECTION000500000000000000000">
-4 Transactions and Versioning</A>
-</H1>
+<h1><a name="SECTION000500000000000000000">
+4 Transactions and Versioning</a>
+</h1>
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000510000000000000000">
-4.1 Subtransactions</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000510000000000000000">
+4.1 Subtransactions</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
Subtransactions can be created within a transaction. Each
subtransaction can be individually committed and aborted, but the
changes within a subtransaction are not truly committed until the
containing transaction is committed.
-<P>
+<p>
The primary purpose of subtransactions is to decrease the memory usage
of transactions that touch a very large number of objects. Consider a
transaction during which 200,000 objects are modified. All the
@@ -89,12 +72,12 @@
objects are then written to permanent storage and can be purged from
the cache to free more space.
-<P>
+<p>
To commit a subtransaction instead of a full transaction,
pass a true value to the <tt class="method">commit()</tt>
or <tt class="method">abort()</tt> method of the <tt class="class">Transaction</tt> object.
-<P>
+<p>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
# Commit a subtransaction
get_transaction().commit(1)
@@ -103,17 +86,17 @@
get_transaction().abort(1)
</pre></div>
-<P>
+<p>
A new subtransaction is automatically started on committing or
aborting the previous subtransaction.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000520000000000000000">
-4.2 Undoing Changes</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000520000000000000000">
+4.2 Undoing Changes</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
Some types of <tt class="class">Storage</tt> support undoing a transaction even after
it's been committed. You can tell if this is the case by calling the
<tt class="method">supportsUndo()</tt> method of the <tt class="class">DB</tt> instance, which
@@ -121,7 +104,7 @@
you can call the <tt class="method">supportsUndo()</tt> method on the underlying
storage instance.
-<P>
+<p>
If a database supports undo, then the <tt class="method">undoLog(<var>start</var>,
<var>end</var><big>[</big>, func<big>]</big>)</tt> method on the <tt class="class">DB</tt> instance returns
the log of past transactions, returning transactions between the times
@@ -135,7 +118,7 @@
"<tt class="samp">id</tt>", for the transaction ID, and "<tt class="samp">time</tt>", for the time at
which the transaction was committed.
-<P>
+<p>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
>>> print storage.undoLog(0, sys.maxint)
[{'description': '',
@@ -149,7 +132,7 @@
...
</pre></div>
-<P>
+<p>
To store a description and a user name on a commit, get the current
transaction and call the <tt class="method">note(<var>text</var>)</tt> method to store a
description, and the
@@ -160,13 +143,13 @@
log several different changes made in the course of a single
transaction.
-<P>
+<p>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
get_transaction().setUser('amk')
get_transaction().note('Change ownership')
</pre></div>
-<P>
+<p>
To undo a transaction, call the <tt class="method">DB.undo(<var>id</var>)</tt> method,
passing it the ID of the transaction to undo. If the transaction
can't be undone, a <tt class="exception">ZODB.POSException.UndoError</tt> exception
@@ -175,21 +158,21 @@
modified the objects affected by the transaction you're trying to
undo.
-<P>
+<p>
After you call <tt class="method">undo()</tt> you must commit the transaction for the
undo to actually be applied.
-<A NAME="tex2html2"
- HREF="#foot616"><SUP>2</SUP></A> There is one glitch in the undo process. The thread
+<a name="tex2html2"
+ href="#foot614"><sup>2</sup></a> There is one glitch in the undo process. The thread
that calls undo may not see the changes to the object until it calls
<tt class="method">Connection.sync()</tt> or commits another transaction.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000530000000000000000">
-4.3 Versions</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000530000000000000000">
+4.3 Versions</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
While many subtransactions can be contained within a single regular
transaction, it's also possible to contain many regular transactions
within a long-running transaction, called a version in ZODB
@@ -197,24 +180,24 @@
created and committed or rolled back, but the changes within a version
are not made visible to other connections to the same ZODB.
-<P>
+<p>
Not all storages support versions, but you can test for versioning
ability by calling <tt class="method">supportsVersions()</tt> method of the
<tt class="class">DB</tt> instance, which returns true if the underlying storage
supports versioning.
-<P>
+<p>
A version can be selected when creating the <tt class="class">Connection</tt>
instance using the <tt class="method">DB.open(<big>[</big><var>version</var><big>]</big>)</tt> method.
The <var>version</var> argument must be a string that will be used as the
name of the version.
-<P>
+<p>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
vers_conn = db.open(version='Working version')
</pre></div>
-<P>
+<p>
Transactions can then be committed and aborted using this versioned
connection. Other connections that don't specify a version, or
provide a different version name, will not see changes committed
@@ -224,14 +207,14 @@
<tt class="method">DB.abortVersion()</tt> methods.
XXX what are the source and dest arguments for?
-<P>
+<p>
The ZODB makes no attempt to reconcile changes between different
versions. Instead, the first version which modifies an object will
gain a lock on that object. Attempting to modify the object from a
different version or from an unversioned connection will cause a
<tt class="exception">ZODB.POSException.VersionLockError</tt> to be raised:
-<P>
+<p>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
from ZODB.POSException import VersionLockError
@@ -242,73 +225,66 @@
'locked by version %s' % (obj_id, version))
</pre></div>
-<P>
+<p>
The exception provides the ID of the locked object, and the name of
the version having a lock on it.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000540000000000000000">
-4.4 Multithreaded ZODB Programs</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000540000000000000000">
+4.4 Multithreaded ZODB Programs</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
ZODB databases can be accessed from multithreaded Python programs.
The <tt class="class">Storage</tt> and <tt class="class">DB</tt> instances can be shared among
several threads, as long as individual <tt class="class">Connection</tt> instances
are created for each thread.
-<P>
-
-<P>
-<BR><HR><H4>Footnotes</H4>
-<DL>
-<DT><A NAME="foot616">... applied.</A><A
- HREF="node5.html#tex2html2"><SUP>2</SUP></A></DT>
-<DD>There are actually two different ways a storage can
+<p>
+<br><hr><h4>Footnotes</h4>
+<dl>
+<dt><a name="foot614">... applied.</a><A
+ HREF="node5.html#tex2html2"><sup>2</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>There are actually two different ways a storage can
implement the undo feature. Most of the storages that ship with ZODB
use the transactional form of undo described in the main text. Some
storages may use a non-transactional undo makes changes visible
immediately.
-</DD>
-</DL>
-<DIV CLASS="navigation">
-<div class='online-navigation'>
-<p></p><hr />
-<table align="center" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2">
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+</dd>
+</dl>
+<div class="navigation">
+<div id='bot-navigation-panel' xml:id='bot-navigation-panel'
+ class='online-navigation'>
+ <div class='spacer'></div>
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+ href="zeo.html"><img src='previous.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Previous Page' /></a></td>
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+ href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Up one Level' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="5 related Modules"
+ href="node6.html"><img src='next.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Next Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
+ href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Contents' /></a></td>
+ <td class='titlebox'>ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ <div class='online-navigation text-links'>
+ Previous: <a rel="prev" href="zeo.html">3 ZEO</a>
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+ </div>
+</div>
+<div class='spacer'></div>
+<span class="release-info">Documentation released on 27 April 2005.</span>
+<address>See <i><a href="about.html">About this document...</a></i>
+for information on suggesting changes.</address>
</div>
</div>
-<hr />
-<span class="release-info">Release 3.2.7, documentation updated on April 26, 2005.</span>
-</DIV>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
+</div> <!-- page-wrapper -->
+</body>
+</html>
=== ZODB3/Doc/zodb/node6.html 1.2.6.19 => 1.2.6.20 ===
--- ZODB3/Doc/zodb/node6.html:1.2.6.19 Tue Apr 26 16:05:59 2005
+++ ZODB3/Doc/zodb/node6.html Wed Apr 27 15:08:21 2005
@@ -2,86 +2,69 @@
<html>
<head>
<link rel="STYLESHEET" href="zodb.css" type='text/css' />
-<link rel="first" href="zodb.html" title='ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide' />
+<link rel="first" href="zodb.html" title='ZODB/ZEO programming Guide' />
<link rel='contents' href='contents.html' title="Contents" />
<link rel='last' href='about.html' title='About this document...' />
<link rel='help' href='about.html' title='About this document...' />
-<link rel="next" href="node7.html" />
<link rel="prev" href="node5.html" />
<link rel="parent" href="zodb.html" />
<link rel="next" href="node7.html" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
<meta name='aesop' content='information' />
<title>5 Related Modules</title>
</head>
<body>
-<DIV CLASS="navigation">
+<div class="page-wrapper">
+<div class="navigation">
<div id='top-navigation-panel' xml:id='top-navigation-panel'>
-<table align="center" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2">
-<tr>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="4 Transactions and Versioning"
- href="node5.html"><img src='previous.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Previous Page' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="parent" title="ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide"
- href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Up One Level' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="A. Resources"
- href="node7.html"><img src='next.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Next Page' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td align="center" width="100%">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
- href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Contents' width='32' /></A></td>
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- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
-</tr></table>
-<div class='online-navigation'>
-<b class="navlabel">Previous:</b>
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-<b class="navlabel">Up:</b>
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-<b class="navlabel">Next:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="next" href="node7.html">A. Resources</A>
+ <table class='iconbar'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="4 transactions and Versioning"
+ href="node5.html"><img src='previous.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Previous Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="parent" title="ZODB/ZEO programming Guide"
+ href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Up one Level' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="A. Resources"
+ href="node7.html"><img src='next.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Next Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
+ href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Contents' /></a></td>
+ <td class='titlebox'>ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ <div class='spacer'></div>
+</div>
</div>
-<hr /></div>
-</DIV>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
-<div class='online-navigation'>
-<!--Table of Child-Links-->
-<A NAME="CHILD_LINKS"><STRONG>Subsections</STRONG></a>
-
-<UL CLASS="ChildLinks">
-<LI><A href="node6.html#SECTION000610000000000000000">5.1 <tt class="module">ZODB.PersistentMapping</tt></a>
-<LI><A href="node6.html#SECTION000620000000000000000">5.2 <tt class="module">ZODB.PersistentList</tt></a>
-<LI><A href="node6.html#SECTION000630000000000000000">5.3 BTrees Package</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="node6.html#SECTION000631000000000000000">5.3.1 Total Ordering and Persistence</a>
+
+<ul class="ChildLinks">
+<li><a href="node6.html#SECTION000610000000000000000">5.1 <tt class="module">ZODB.PersistentMapping</tt></a>
+<li><a href="node6.html#SECTION000620000000000000000">5.2 <tt class="module">ZODB.PersistentList</tt></a>
+<li><a href="node6.html#SECTION000630000000000000000">5.3 BTrees Package</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="node6.html#SECTION000631000000000000000">5.3.1 Total Ordering and Persistence</a>
</ul></ul>
<!--End of Table of Child-Links-->
-</div>
-<HR>
+<hr>
-<H1><A NAME="SECTION000600000000000000000">
-5 Related Modules</A>
-</H1>
+<h1><a name="SECTION000600000000000000000">
+5 Related Modules</a>
+</h1>
-<P>
+<p>
The ZODB package includes a number of related modules that provide
useful data types such as BTrees.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000610000000000000000">
-5.1 <tt class="module">ZODB.PersistentMapping</tt></A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000610000000000000000">
+5.1 <tt class="module">ZODB.PersistentMapping</tt></a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
The <tt class="class">PersistentMapping</tt> class is a wrapper for mapping objects
that will set the dirty bit when the mapping is modified by setting or
deleting a key.
-<P>
+<p>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-1' xml:id='l2h-1' class="function">PersistentMapping</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
<td><var>container = {}</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
@@ -91,21 +74,21 @@
value for <var>container</var>, a regular Python dictionary is used.
</dl>
-<P>
+<p>
<tt class="class">PersistentMapping</tt> objects support all the same methods as
Python dictionaries do.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000620000000000000000">
-5.2 <tt class="module">ZODB.PersistentList</tt></A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000620000000000000000">
+5.2 <tt class="module">ZODB.PersistentList</tt></a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
The <tt class="class">PersistentList</tt> class is a wrapper for mutable sequence objects,
much as <tt class="class">PersistentMapping</tt> is a wrapper for mappings.
-<P>
+<p>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-2' xml:id='l2h-2' class="function">PersistentList</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
<td><var>initlist = []</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
@@ -115,17 +98,17 @@
value for <var>initlist</var>, a regular Python list is used.
</dl>
-<P>
+<p>
<tt class="class">PersistentList</tt> objects support all the same methods as
Python lists do.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000630000000000000000">
-5.3 BTrees Package</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000630000000000000000">
+5.3 BTrees Package</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
When programming with the ZODB, Python dictionaries aren't always what
you need. The most important case is where you want to store a very
large mapping. When a Python dictionary is accessed in a ZODB, the
@@ -139,7 +122,7 @@
entire tree doesn't have to occupy memory (unless you really are
touching every single key).
-<P>
+<p>
The BTrees package provides a large collection of related data
structures. There are variants of the data structures specialized to
handle integer values, which are faster and use less memory. There
@@ -149,7 +132,7 @@
<tt class="module">BTrees.IOBTree</tt> module provides a mapping with integer
keys and arbitrary objects as values.
-<P>
+<p>
The four data structures provide by each module are a btree, a bucket,
a tree set, and a set. The btree and bucket types are mappings and
support all the usual mapping methods, e.g. <tt class="function">update()</tt> and
@@ -166,7 +149,7 @@
are multi-level tree structures with much better (logarithmic) worst-case
time bounds.
-<P>
+<p>
The four modules are named <tt class="module">OOBTree</tt>, <tt class="module">IOBTree</tt>,
<tt class="module">OIBTree</tt>, and <tt class="module">IIBTree</tt>. The two letter prefixes are
repeated in the data types names. The <tt class="module">BTrees.OOBTree</tt> module
@@ -174,7 +157,7 @@
<tt class="class">OOSet</tt>, and <tt class="class">OOTreeSet</tt>. Similarly, the other three modules
each define their own variants of those four types.
-<P>
+<p>
The <tt class="function">keys()</tt>, <tt class="function">values()</tt>, and <tt class="function">items()</tt>
methods on btree and tree set types do not materialize a list with all
of the data. Instead, they return lazy sequences that fetch data
@@ -183,14 +166,14 @@
searching". Because all these types are stored in sorted order, range
searching is very efficient.
-<P>
+<p>
The <tt class="function">keys()</tt>, <tt class="function">values()</tt>, and <tt class="function">items()</tt>
methods on bucket and set types do return lists with all the data.
Starting in ZODB4, there are also <tt class="function">iterkeys()</tt>,
<tt class="function">itervalues()</tt>, and <tt class="function">iteritems()</tt> methods that
return iterators (in the Python 2.2 sense).
-<P>
+<p>
A BTree object supports all the methods you would expect of a mapping
with a few extensions that exploit the fact that the keys are sorted.
The example below demonstrates how some of the methods work. The
@@ -200,7 +183,7 @@
(it's hard to explain exactly what it does, and as a result it's
almost never used - best to consider it deprecated).
-<P>
+<p>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
>>> from BTrees.OOBTree import OOBTree
>>> t = OOBTree()
@@ -230,7 +213,7 @@
2
</pre></div>
-<P>
+<p>
Each of the modules also defines some functions that operate on
BTrees - <tt class="function">difference()</tt>, <tt class="function">union()</tt>, and
<tt class="function">intersection()</tt>. The <tt class="function">difference()</tt> function returns
@@ -241,42 +224,42 @@
<tt class="function">weightedUnion()</tt>. The function doc strings describe each
function briefly.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H3><A NAME="SECTION000631000000000000000">
-5.3.1 Total Ordering and Persistence</A>
-</H3>
+<h3><a name="SECTION000631000000000000000">
+5.3.1 Total Ordering and Persistence</a>
+</h3>
-<P>
+<p>
The BTree-based data structures differ from Python dicts in several
fundamental ways. One of the most important is that while dicts
require that keys support hash codes and equality comparison,
the btree-based structures don't use hash codes and require a total
ordering on keys.
-<P>
+<p>
Total ordering means three things:
-<P>
+<p>
-<OL>
-<LI>Reflexive. For each <var>x</var>, <code><var>x</var> == <var>x</var></code> is true.
+<ol>
+<li>Reflexive. For each <var>x</var>, <code><var>x</var> == <var>x</var></code> is true.
-<P>
-</LI>
-<LI>Trichotomy. For each <var>x</var> and <var>y</var>, exactly one of
+<p>
+</li>
+<li>Trichotomy. For each <var>x</var> and <var>y</var>, exactly one of
<code><var>x</var> < <var>y</var></code>, <code><var>x</var> == <var>y</var></code>, and
<code><var>x</var> > <var>y</var></code> is true.
-<P>
-</LI>
-<LI>Transitivity. Whenever <code><var>x</var> <= <var>y</var></code> and
+<p>
+</li>
+<li>Transitivity. Whenever <code><var>x</var> <= <var>y</var></code> and
<code><var>y</var> <= <var>z</var></code>, it's also true that
<code><var>x</var> <= <var>z</var></code>.
-</LI>
-</OL>
+</li>
+</ol>
-<P>
+<p>
The default comparison functions for most objects that come with Python
satisfy these rules, with some crucial cautions explained later. Complex
numbers are an example of an object whose default comparison function
@@ -287,13 +270,13 @@
complex numbers can be used as keys in Python dicts, which do not require
a total ordering).
-<P>
+<p>
Examples of objects that are wholly safe to use as keys in btree-based
structures include ints, longs, floats, 8-bit strings, Unicode strings,
and tuples composed (possibly recursively) of objects of wholly safe
types.
-<P>
+<p>
It's important to realize that even if two types satisfy the
rules on their own, mixing objects of those types may not. For example,
8-bit strings and Unicode strings both supply total orderings, but mixing
@@ -304,13 +287,13 @@
a single btree-based structure. Don't try to do that, and you don't
have to worry about it.
-<P>
+<p>
Another potential problem is mutability: when a key is inserted in a
btree-based structure, it must retain the same order relative to the
other keys over time. This is easy to run afoul of if you use mutable
objects as keys. For example, lists supply a total ordering, and then
-<P>
+<p>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
>>> L1, L2, L3 = [1], [2], [3]
>>> from BTrees.OOBTree import OOSet
@@ -327,13 +310,13 @@
>>>
</pre></div>
-<P>
+<p>
Key lookup relies on that the keys remain in sorted order (an efficient
form of binary search is used). By mutating key L2 after inserting it,
we destroyed the invariant that the OOSet is sorted. As a result, all
future operations on this set are unpredictable.
-<P>
+<p>
A subtler variant of this problem arises due to persistence: by default,
Python does several kinds of comparison by comparing the memory
addresses of two objects. Because Python never moves an object in memory,
@@ -349,7 +332,7 @@
be an insane BTree, where various operations do and don't work as
expected, seemingly at random.
-<P>
+<p>
Now each of the types identified above as "wholly safe to use" never
compares two instances of that type by memory address, so there's
nothing to worry about here if you use keys of those types. The most
@@ -360,7 +343,7 @@
program run. It can be disastrous if that btree-based structure is
stored to a database, though.
-<P>
+<p>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
>>> class C:
... pass
@@ -375,12 +358,12 @@
>>>
</pre></div>
-<P>
+<p>
That example illustrates that comparison of instances of classes that
don't define <tt class="method">__cmp__()</tt> yields arbitrary results (but consistent
results within a single program run).
-<P>
+<p>
Another problem occurs with instances of classes that do define
<tt class="method">__cmp__()</tt>, but define it incorrectly. It's possible but
rare for a custom <tt class="method">__cmp__()</tt> implementation to violate one
@@ -388,7 +371,7 @@
it to fall back" to address-based comparison by mistake.
For example,
-<P>
+<p>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
class Mine:
def __cmp__(self, other):
@@ -398,7 +381,7 @@
return cmp(self.data, other)
</pre></div>
-<P>
+<p>
It's quite possible there that the <tt class="keyword">else</tt> clause allows
a result to be computed based on memory address. The bug won't show
up until a btree-based structure uses objects of class <tt class="class">Mine</tt> as
@@ -407,82 +390,77 @@
the <tt class="keyword">else</tt> clause in a case where the relative order of object
memory addresses happened to change.
-<P>
+<p>
This is as difficult to track down as it sounds, so best to stay far
away from the possibility.
-<P>
+<p>
You'll stay out of trouble by follwing these rules, violating them
only with great care:
-<P>
+<p>
-<OL>
-<LI>Use objects of simple immutable types as keys in
+<ol>
+<li>Use objects of simple immutable types as keys in
btree-based data structures.
-<P>
-</LI>
-<LI>Within a single btree-based data structure, use objects of
+<p>
+</li>
+<li>Within a single btree-based data structure, use objects of
a single type as keys. Don't use multiple key types in a
single structure.
-<P>
-</LI>
-<LI>If you want to use class instances as keys, and there's
+<p>
+</li>
+<li>If you want to use class instances as keys, and there's
any possibility that the structure may be stored in a
database, it's crucial that the class define a
<tt class="method">__cmp__()</tt> method, and that the method is
carefully implemented.
-<P>
+<p>
Any part of a comparison implementation that relies (explicitly
or implicitly) on an address-based comparison result will
eventually cause serious failure.
-</LI>
-</OL>
+</li>
+</ol>
-<P>
+<p>
-<P>
+<p>
-<DIV CLASS="navigation">
-<div class='online-navigation'>
-<p></p><hr />
-<table align="center" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2">
-<tr>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="4 Transactions and Versioning"
- href="node5.html"><img src='previous.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Previous Page' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="parent" title="ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide"
- href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Up One Level' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="A. Resources"
- href="node7.html"><img src='next.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Next Page' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td align="center" width="100%">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
- href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Contents' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
-</tr></table>
-<div class='online-navigation'>
-<b class="navlabel">Previous:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="prev" href="node5.html">4 Transactions and Versioning</A>
-<b class="navlabel">Up:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="parent" href="zodb.html">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</A>
-<b class="navlabel">Next:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="next" href="node7.html">A. Resources</A>
+<div class="navigation">
+<div id='bot-navigation-panel' xml:id='bot-navigation-panel'
+ class='online-navigation'>
+ <div class='spacer'></div>
+ <table class='iconbar'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="4 transactions and Versioning"
+ href="node5.html"><img src='previous.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Previous Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="parent" title="ZODB/ZEO programming Guide"
+ href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Up one Level' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="A. Resources"
+ href="node7.html"><img src='next.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Next Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
+ href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Contents' /></a></td>
+ <td class='titlebox'>ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ <div class='online-navigation text-links'>
+ Previous: <a rel="prev" href="node5.html">4 Transactions and Versioning</a>
+ Up: <a rel="parent" href="zodb.html">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</a>
+ Next: <a rel="next" href="node7.html">A. Resources</a>
+ </div>
+</div>
+<div class='spacer'></div>
+<span class="release-info">Documentation released on 27 April 2005.</span>
+<address>See <i><a href="about.html">About this document...</a></i>
+for information on suggesting changes.</address>
</div>
</div>
-<hr />
-<span class="release-info">Release 3.2.7, documentation updated on April 26, 2005.</span>
-</DIV>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
+</div> <!-- page-wrapper -->
+</body>
+</html>
=== ZODB3/Doc/zodb/node7.html 1.2.6.19 => 1.2.6.20 ===
--- ZODB3/Doc/zodb/node7.html:1.2.6.19 Tue Apr 26 16:05:59 2005
+++ ZODB3/Doc/zodb/node7.html Wed Apr 27 15:08:21 2005
@@ -2,123 +2,102 @@
<html>
<head>
<link rel="STYLESHEET" href="zodb.css" type='text/css' />
-<link rel="first" href="zodb.html" title='ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide' />
+<link rel="first" href="zodb.html" title='ZODB/ZEO programming Guide' />
<link rel='contents' href='contents.html' title="Contents" />
<link rel='last' href='about.html' title='About this document...' />
<link rel='help' href='about.html' title='About this document...' />
-<link rel="next" href="node8.html" />
<link rel="prev" href="node6.html" />
<link rel="parent" href="zodb.html" />
<link rel="next" href="node8.html" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
<meta name='aesop' content='information' />
<title>A. Resources</title>
</head>
<body>
-<DIV CLASS="navigation">
+<div class="page-wrapper">
+<div class="navigation">
<div id='top-navigation-panel' xml:id='top-navigation-panel'>
-<table align="center" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2">
-<tr>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="5 Related Modules"
- href="node6.html"><img src='previous.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Previous Page' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="parent" title="ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide"
- href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Up One Level' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="B. GNU Free Documentation"
- href="node8.html"><img src='next.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Next Page' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td align="center" width="100%">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
- href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Contents' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
-</tr></table>
-<div class='online-navigation'>
-<b class="navlabel">Previous:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="prev" href="node6.html">5 Related Modules</A>
-<b class="navlabel">Up:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="parent" href="zodb.html">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</A>
-<b class="navlabel">Next:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="next" href="node8.html">B. GNU Free Documentation</A>
+ <table class='iconbar'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="5 related Modules"
+ href="node6.html"><img src='previous.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Previous Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="parent" title="ZODB/ZEO programming Guide"
+ href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Up one Level' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="B. gnu Free Documentation"
+ href="node8.html"><img src='next.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Next Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
+ href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Contents' /></a></td>
+ <td class='titlebox'>ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ <div class='spacer'></div>
+</div>
</div>
-<hr /></div>
-</DIV>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
-<H1><A NAME="SECTION000700000000000000000">
-A. Resources</A>
-</H1>
+<h1><a name="SECTION000700000000000000000">
+A. Resources</a>
+</h1>
-<P>
+<p>
ZODB HOWTO, by Michel Pelletier:
-<BR>
+<br>
Goes into slightly more detail about the rules for writing applications using the ZODB.
-<BR>
-<a class="url" href="http://www.zope.org/Members/michel/HowTos/ZODB-How-To">http://www.zope.org/Members/michel/HowTos/ZODB-How-To</a>
-<P>
+<br><a class="url" href="http://www.zope.org/Members/michel/HowTos/ZODB-How-To">http://www.zope.org/Members/michel/HowTos/ZODB-How-To</a>
+<p>
Introduction to the Zope Object Database, by Jim Fulton:
-<BR>
+<br>
Goes into much greater detail, explaining advanced uses of the ZODB and
how it's actually implemented. A definitive reference, and highly recommended.
-<BR>
-<a class="url" href="http://www.python.org/workshops/2000-01/proceedings/papers/fulton/zodb3.html">http://www.python.org/workshops/2000-01/proceedings/papers/fulton/zodb3.html</a>
-<P>
+<br><a class="url" href="http://www.python.org/workshops/2000-01/proceedings/papers/fulton/zodb3.html">http://www.python.org/workshops/2000-01/proceedings/papers/fulton/zodb3.html</a>
+<p>
Persistent Programing with ZODB, by Jeremy Hylton and Barry Warsaw:
-<BR>
+<br>
Slides for a tutorial presented at the 10th Python conference. Covers
much of the same ground as this guide, with more details in some areas
and less in others.
-<BR>
-<a class="url" href="http://www.zope.org/Members/bwarsaw/ipc10-slides">http://www.zope.org/Members/bwarsaw/ipc10-slides</a>
-<P>
-
-<P>
-
-<DIV CLASS="navigation">
-<div class='online-navigation'>
-<p></p><hr />
-<table align="center" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2">
-<tr>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="5 Related Modules"
- href="node6.html"><img src='previous.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Previous Page' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="parent" title="ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide"
- href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Up One Level' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="B. GNU Free Documentation"
- href="node8.html"><img src='next.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Next Page' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td align="center" width="100%">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
- href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Contents' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
-</tr></table>
-<div class='online-navigation'>
-<b class="navlabel">Previous:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="prev" href="node6.html">5 Related Modules</A>
-<b class="navlabel">Up:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="parent" href="zodb.html">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</A>
-<b class="navlabel">Next:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="next" href="node8.html">B. GNU Free Documentation</A>
+<br><a class="url" href="http://www.zope.org/Members/bwarsaw/ipc10-slides">http://www.zope.org/Members/bwarsaw/ipc10-slides</a>
+<p>
+
+<p>
+
+<div class="navigation">
+<div id='bot-navigation-panel' xml:id='bot-navigation-panel'
+ class='online-navigation'>
+ <div class='spacer'></div>
+ <table class='iconbar'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="5 related Modules"
+ href="node6.html"><img src='previous.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Previous Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="parent" title="ZODB/ZEO programming Guide"
+ href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Up one Level' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="B. gnu Free Documentation"
+ href="node8.html"><img src='next.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Next Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
+ href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Contents' /></a></td>
+ <td class='titlebox'>ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ <div class='online-navigation text-links'>
+ Previous: <a rel="prev" href="node6.html">5 Related Modules</a>
+ Up: <a rel="parent" href="zodb.html">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</a>
+ Next: <a rel="next" href="node8.html">B. GNU Free Documentation</a>
+ </div>
+</div>
+<div class='spacer'></div>
+<span class="release-info">Documentation released on 27 April 2005.</span>
+<address>See <i><a href="about.html">About this document...</a></i>
+for information on suggesting changes.</address>
</div>
</div>
-<hr />
-<span class="release-info">Release 3.2.7, documentation updated on April 26, 2005.</span>
-</DIV>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
+</div> <!-- page-wrapper -->
+</body>
+</html>
=== ZODB3/Doc/zodb/node8.html 1.2.6.19 => 1.2.6.20 ===
--- ZODB3/Doc/zodb/node8.html:1.2.6.19 Tue Apr 26 16:05:59 2005
+++ ZODB3/Doc/zodb/node8.html Wed Apr 27 15:08:21 2005
@@ -2,98 +2,81 @@
<html>
<head>
<link rel="STYLESHEET" href="zodb.css" type='text/css' />
-<link rel="first" href="zodb.html" title='ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide' />
+<link rel="first" href="zodb.html" title='ZODB/ZEO programming Guide' />
<link rel='contents' href='contents.html' title="Contents" />
<link rel='last' href='about.html' title='About this document...' />
<link rel='help' href='about.html' title='About this document...' />
-<link rel="next" href="about.html" />
<link rel="prev" href="node7.html" />
<link rel="parent" href="zodb.html" />
<link rel="next" href="about.html" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
<meta name='aesop' content='information' />
<title>B. GNU Free Documentation License</title>
</head>
<body>
-<DIV CLASS="navigation">
+<div class="page-wrapper">
+<div class="navigation">
<div id='top-navigation-panel' xml:id='top-navigation-panel'>
-<table align="center" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2">
-<tr>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="A. Resources"
- href="node7.html"><img src='previous.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Previous Page' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="parent" title="ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide"
- href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Up One Level' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="About this document ..."
- href="about.html"><img src='next.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Next Page' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td align="center" width="100%">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
- href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Contents' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
-</tr></table>
-<div class='online-navigation'>
-<b class="navlabel">Previous:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="prev" href="node7.html">A. Resources</A>
-<b class="navlabel">Up:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="parent" href="zodb.html">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</A>
-<b class="navlabel">Next:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="next" href="about.html">About this document ...</A>
+ <table class='iconbar'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="A. Resources"
+ href="node7.html"><img src='previous.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Previous Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="parent" title="ZODB/ZEO programming Guide"
+ href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Up one Level' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="About this document ..."
+ href="about.html"><img src='next.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Next Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
+ href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Contents' /></a></td>
+ <td class='titlebox'>ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ <div class='spacer'></div>
+</div>
</div>
-<hr /></div>
-</DIV>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
-<div class='online-navigation'>
-<!--Table of Child-Links-->
-<A NAME="CHILD_LINKS"><STRONG>Subsections</STRONG></a>
-
-<UL CLASS="ChildLinks">
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000810000000000000000">Preamble</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000820000000000000000">B..1 Applicability and Definitions</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000830000000000000000">B..2 Verbatim Copying</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000840000000000000000">B..3 Copying in Quantity</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000850000000000000000">B..4 Modifications</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000860000000000000000">B..5 Combining Documents</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000870000000000000000">B..6 Collections of Documents</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000880000000000000000">B..7 Aggregation With Independent Works</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000890000000000000000">B..8 Translation</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION0008100000000000000000">B..9 Termination</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION0008110000000000000000">B..10 Future Revisions of This Licence</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION0008120000000000000000">ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</a>
+
+<ul class="ChildLinks">
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000810000000000000000">Preamble</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000820000000000000000">B..1 Applicability and Definitions</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000830000000000000000">B..2 Verbatim Copying</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000840000000000000000">B..3 Copying in Quantity</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000850000000000000000">B..4 Modifications</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000860000000000000000">B..5 Combining Documents</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000870000000000000000">B..6 Collections of Documents</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000880000000000000000">B..7 Aggregation With Independent Works</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000890000000000000000">B..8 Translation</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION0008100000000000000000">B..9 Termination</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION0008110000000000000000">B..10 Future Revisions of This Licence</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION0008120000000000000000">ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</a>
</ul>
<!--End of Table of Child-Links-->
-</div>
-<HR>
+<hr>
-<H1><A NAME="SECTION000800000000000000000">
-B. GNU Free Documentation License</A>
-</H1>
+<h1><a name="SECTION000800000000000000000">
+B. GNU Free Documentation License</a>
+</h1>
-<P>
+<p>
Version 1.1, March 2000
-<BR>
-<P>
-Copyright <SPAN CLASS="MATH"><IMG
- WIDTH="20" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
+<br>
+<p>
+Copyright <span class="MATH"><IMG
+ WIDTH="20" HEIGHT="29" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
SRC="img1.png"
- ALT="$\copyright$"></SPAN> 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-<BR>
+ ALT="$\copyright$"></span> 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+<br>
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
-<BR>
+<br>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000810000000000000000">
-Preamble</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000810000000000000000">
+Preamble</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
written document ``free'' in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
@@ -102,13 +85,13 @@
credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
modifications made by others.
-<P>
+<p>
This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
license designed for free software.
-<P>
+<p>
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
@@ -117,25 +100,25 @@
whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000820000000000000000">
-B..1 Applicability and Definitions</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000820000000000000000">
+B..1 Applicability and Definitions</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed
under the terms of this License. The ``Document'', below, refers to any
such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
addressed as ``you''.
-<P>
+<p>
A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
modifications and/or translated into another language.
-<P>
+<p>
A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
@@ -147,17 +130,17 @@
commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
them.
-<P>
+<p>
The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
that says that the Document is released under this License.
-<P>
+<p>
The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,
as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
the Document is released under this License.
-<P>
+<p>
A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
represented in a format whose specification is available to the
general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and
@@ -170,7 +153,7 @@
subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is
not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''.
-<P>
+<p>
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, <span class="LaTeX">LaTeX</span> input format, SGML
or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
@@ -181,7 +164,7 @@
machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output
purposes only.
-<P>
+<p>
The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
@@ -189,13 +172,13 @@
the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000830000000000000000">
-B..2 Verbatim Copying</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000830000000000000000">
+B..2 Verbatim Copying</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
@@ -206,17 +189,17 @@
compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
-<P>
+<p>
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
you may publicly display copies.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000840000000000000000">
-B..3 Copying in Quantity</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000840000000000000000">
+B..3 Copying in Quantity</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,
and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose
the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
@@ -229,13 +212,13 @@
the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
as verbatim copying in other respects.
-<P>
+<p>
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
pages.
-<P>
+<p>
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
@@ -250,18 +233,18 @@
copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
the public.
-<P>
+<p>
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000850000000000000000">
-B..4 Modifications</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000850000000000000000">
+B..4 Modifications</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
@@ -269,73 +252,73 @@
and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
-<P>
+<p>
-<UL>
-<LI>Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
+<ul>
+<li>Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
-</LI>
-<LI>List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
+</li>
+<li>List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).
-</LI>
-<LI>State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
+</li>
+<li>State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
Modified Version, as the publisher.
-</LI>
-<LI>Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
-</LI>
-<LI>Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
+</li>
+<li>Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
+</li>
+<li>Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
adjacent to the other copyright notices.
-</LI>
-<LI>Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
+</li>
+<li>Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
-</LI>
-<LI>Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
+</li>
+<li>Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
-</LI>
-<LI>Include an unaltered copy of this License.
-</LI>
-<LI>Preserve the section entitled ``History'', and its title, and add to
+</li>
+<li>Include an unaltered copy of this License.
+</li>
+<li>Preserve the section entitled ``History'', and its title, and add to
it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
there is no section entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
Version as stated in the previous sentence.
-</LI>
-<LI>Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
+</li>
+<li>Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section.
You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
-</LI>
-<LI>In any section entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'',
+</li>
+<li>In any section entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'',
preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the
substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
and/or dedications given therein.
-</LI>
-<LI>Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
+</li>
+<li>Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
-</LI>
-<LI>Delete any section entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section
+</li>
+<li>Delete any section entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section
may not be included in the Modified Version.
-</LI>
-<LI>Do not retitle any existing section as ``Endorsements''
+</li>
+<li>Do not retitle any existing section as ``Endorsements''
or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
-<P>
-</LI>
-</UL>
+<p>
+</li>
+</ul>
-<P>
+<p>
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
@@ -343,14 +326,14 @@
list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
-<P>
+<p>
You may add a section entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
parties - for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
standard.
-<P>
+<p>
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
@@ -361,18 +344,18 @@
you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
-<P>
+<p>
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000860000000000000000">
-B..5 Combining Documents</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000860000000000000000">
+B..5 Combining Documents</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
@@ -380,7 +363,7 @@
list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
license notice.
-<P>
+<p>
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
@@ -390,39 +373,39 @@
Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
-<P>
+<p>
In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled ``History''
in the various original documents, forming one section entitled
``History''; likewise combine any sections entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
and any sections entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all sections
entitled ``Endorsements.''
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000870000000000000000">
-B..6 Collections of Documents</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000870000000000000000">
+B..6 Collections of Documents</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
-<P>
+<p>
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000880000000000000000">
-B..7 Aggregation With Independent Works</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000880000000000000000">
+B..7 Aggregation With Independent Works</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version
@@ -432,20 +415,20 @@
with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they
are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
-<P>
+<p>
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter
of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate.
Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000890000000000000000">
-B..8 Translation</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000890000000000000000">
+B..8 Translation</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
@@ -457,13 +440,13 @@
between the translation and the original English version of this
License, the original English version will prevail.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION0008100000000000000000">
-B..9 Termination</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION0008100000000000000000">
+B..9 Termination</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
@@ -472,20 +455,20 @@
License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
parties remain in full compliance.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION0008110000000000000000">
-B..10 Future Revisions of This Licence</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION0008110000000000000000">
+B..10 Future Revisions of This Licence</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
<a class="url" href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</a>.
-<P>
+<p>
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
@@ -495,25 +478,25 @@
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION0008120000000000000000">
-ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION0008120000000000000000">
+ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and
license notices just after the title page:
-<P>
-<BLOCKQUOTE>
-</BLOCKQUOTE>
-<P>
-<BLOCKQUOTE>Copyright <SPAN CLASS="MATH"><IMG
- WIDTH="20" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
+<p>
+<blockquote>
+</blockquote>
+<p>
+<blockquote>Copyright <span class="MATH"><IMG
+ WIDTH="20" HEIGHT="29" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
SRC="img1.png"
- ALT="$\copyright$"></SPAN> YEAR YOUR NAME.
+ ALT="$\copyright$"></span> YEAR YOUR NAME.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
@@ -521,63 +504,56 @@
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
Free Documentation License''.
-</BLOCKQUOTE>
-<P>
-<BLOCKQUOTE>
-</BLOCKQUOTE>
+</blockquote>
+<p>
+<blockquote>
+</blockquote>
-<P>
+<p>
If you have no Invariant Sections, write ``with no Invariant Sections''
instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no
Front-Cover Texts, write ``no Front-Cover Texts'' instead of
``Front-Cover Texts being LIST''; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.
-<P>
+<p>
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
to permit their use in free software.
-<P>
-
-<P>
+<p>
-<DIV CLASS="navigation">
-<div class='online-navigation'>
-<p></p><hr />
-<table align="center" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2">
-<tr>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="A. Resources"
- href="node7.html"><img src='previous.png'
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-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="parent" title="ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide"
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-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="About this document ..."
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-<td align="center" width="100%">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
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- border='0' height='32' alt='Contents' width='32' /></A></td>
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-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
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+<div class="navigation">
+<div id='bot-navigation-panel' xml:id='bot-navigation-panel'
+ class='online-navigation'>
+ <div class='spacer'></div>
+ <table class='iconbar'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="A. Resources"
+ href="node7.html"><img src='previous.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Previous Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="parent" title="ZODB/ZEO programming Guide"
+ href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Up one Level' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="About this document ..."
+ href="about.html"><img src='next.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Next Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
+ href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Contents' /></a></td>
+ <td class='titlebox'>ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ <div class='online-navigation text-links'>
+ Previous: <a rel="prev" href="node7.html">A. Resources</a>
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+ Next: <a rel="next" href="about.html">About this document ...</a>
+ </div>
+</div>
+<div class='spacer'></div>
+<span class="release-info">Documentation released on 27 April 2005.</span>
+<address>See <i><a href="about.html">About this document...</a></i>
+for information on suggesting changes.</address>
</div>
</div>
-<hr />
-<span class="release-info">Release 3.2.7, documentation updated on April 26, 2005.</span>
-</DIV>
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-</BODY>
-</HTML>
+</div> <!-- page-wrapper -->
+</body>
+</html>
=== ZODB3/Doc/zodb/zeo.html 1.2.6.19 => 1.2.6.20 ===
--- ZODB3/Doc/zodb/zeo.html:1.2.6.19 Tue Apr 26 16:05:59 2005
+++ ZODB3/Doc/zodb/zeo.html Wed Apr 27 15:08:21 2005
@@ -2,83 +2,66 @@
<html>
<head>
<link rel="STYLESHEET" href="zodb.css" type='text/css' />
-<link rel="first" href="zodb.html" title='ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide' />
+<link rel="first" href="zodb.html" title='ZODB/ZEO programming Guide' />
<link rel='contents' href='contents.html' title="Contents" />
<link rel='last' href='about.html' title='About this document...' />
<link rel='help' href='about.html' title='About this document...' />
-<link rel="next" href="node5.html" />
<link rel="prev" href="node3.html" />
<link rel="parent" href="zodb.html" />
<link rel="next" href="node5.html" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
<meta name='aesop' content='information' />
<title>3 ZEO</title>
</head>
<body>
-<DIV CLASS="navigation">
+<div class="page-wrapper">
+<div class="navigation">
<div id='top-navigation-panel' xml:id='top-navigation-panel'>
-<table align="center" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2">
-<tr>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="2 ZODB Programming"
- href="node3.html"><img src='previous.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Previous Page' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="parent" title="ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide"
- href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Up One Level' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="4 Transactions and Versioning"
- href="node5.html"><img src='next.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Next Page' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td align="center" width="100%">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
- href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Contents' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
-</tr></table>
-<div class='online-navigation'>
-<b class="navlabel">Previous:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="prev" href="node3.html">2 ZODB Programming</A>
-<b class="navlabel">Up:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="parent" href="zodb.html">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</A>
-<b class="navlabel">Next:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="next" href="node5.html">4 Transactions and Versioning</A>
+ <table class='iconbar'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="2 zodb Programming"
+ href="node3.html"><img src='previous.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Previous Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="parent" title="ZODB/ZEO programming Guide"
+ href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Up one Level' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="4 transactions and Versioning"
+ href="node5.html"><img src='next.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Next Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
+ href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Contents' /></a></td>
+ <td class='titlebox'>ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ <div class='spacer'></div>
+</div>
</div>
-<hr /></div>
-</DIV>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
-<div class='online-navigation'>
-<!--Table of Child-Links-->
-<A NAME="CHILD_LINKS"><STRONG>Subsections</STRONG></a>
-
-<UL CLASS="ChildLinks">
-<LI><A href="zeo.html#SECTION000410000000000000000">3.1 How ZEO Works</a>
-<LI><A href="zeo.html#SECTION000420000000000000000">3.2 Installing ZEO</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="zeo.html#SECTION000421000000000000000">3.2.1 Requirements</a>
-<LI><A href="zeo.html#SECTION000422000000000000000">3.2.2 Running a server</a>
+
+<ul class="ChildLinks">
+<li><a href="zeo.html#SECTION000410000000000000000">3.1 How ZEO Works</a>
+<li><a href="zeo.html#SECTION000420000000000000000">3.2 Installing ZEO</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="zeo.html#SECTION000421000000000000000">3.2.1 Requirements</a>
+<li><a href="zeo.html#SECTION000422000000000000000">3.2.2 Running a server</a>
</ul>
-<LI><A href="zeo.html#SECTION000430000000000000000">3.3 Testing the ZEO Installation</a>
-<LI><A href="zeo.html#SECTION000440000000000000000">3.4 ZEO Programming Notes</a>
-<LI><A href="zeo.html#SECTION000450000000000000000">3.5 Sample Application: chatter.py</a>
+<li><a href="zeo.html#SECTION000430000000000000000">3.3 Testing the ZEO Installation</a>
+<li><a href="zeo.html#SECTION000440000000000000000">3.4 ZEO Programming Notes</a>
+<li><a href="zeo.html#SECTION000450000000000000000">3.5 Sample Application: chatter.py</a>
</ul>
<!--End of Table of Child-Links-->
-</div>
-<HR>
+<hr>
-<H1><A NAME="SECTION000400000000000000000"></A>
-<A NAME="zeo"></A>
-<BR>
+<h1><a name="SECTION000400000000000000000"></a>
+<a name="zeo"></a>
+<br>
3 ZEO
-</H1>
+</h1>
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000410000000000000000">
-3.1 How ZEO Works</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000410000000000000000">
+3.1 How ZEO Works</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
The ZODB, as I've described it so far, can only be used within a
single Python process (though perhaps with multiple threads). ZEO,
Zope Enterprise Objects, extends the ZODB machinery to provide access
@@ -88,7 +71,7 @@
The combination of ZEO and ZODB is essentially a Python-specific
object database.
-<P>
+<p>
ZEO consists of about 6000 lines of Python code, excluding tests. The
code is relatively small because it contains only code for a TCP/IP
server, and for a new type of Storage, <tt class="class">ClientStorage</tt>.
@@ -96,10 +79,10 @@
server, which then passes them on a regular <tt class="class">Storage</tt> class such
as <tt class="class">FileStorage</tt>. The following diagram lays out the system:
-<P>
+<p>
XXX insert diagram here later
-<P>
+<p>
Any number of processes can create a <tt class="class">ClientStorage</tt>
instance, and any number of threads in each process can be using that
instance. <tt class="class">ClientStorage</tt> aggressively caches objects
@@ -110,7 +93,7 @@
<tt class="class">ClientStorage</tt> instances delete the old data for the
given object from their caches.
-<P>
+<p>
This design decision has some consequences you should be aware of.
First, while ZEO isn't tied to Zope, it was first written for use with
Zope, which stores HTML, images, and program code in the database. As
@@ -119,9 +102,9 @@
applications. If every <tt class="class">ClientStorage</tt> is writing to the
database all the time, this will result in a storm of invalidate
messages being sent, and this might take up more processing time than
-the actual database operations themselves.<A NAME="tex2html1"
- HREF="#foot460"><SUP>1</SUP></A>
-<P>
+the actual database operations themselves.<a name="tex2html1"
+ href="#foot460"><sup>1</sup></a>
+<p>
On the other hand, for applications that have few writes in comparison
to the number of read accesses, this aggressive caching can be a major
win. Consider a Slashdot-like discussion forum that divides the load
@@ -136,46 +119,46 @@
The ZEO server isn't going to be contacted for every single request,
so its workload will remain manageable.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000420000000000000000">
-3.2 Installing ZEO</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000420000000000000000">
+3.2 Installing ZEO</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
This section covers how to install the ZEO package, and how to
configure and run a ZEO Storage Server on a machine.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H3><A NAME="SECTION000421000000000000000">
-3.2.1 Requirements</A>
-</H3>
+<h3><a name="SECTION000421000000000000000">
+3.2.1 Requirements</a>
+</h3>
-<P>
+<p>
The ZEO server software is included in ZODB3. As with the rest of
ZODB3, you'll need Python 2.1 or higher.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H3><A NAME="SECTION000422000000000000000">
-3.2.2 Running a server</A>
-</H3>
+<h3><a name="SECTION000422000000000000000">
+3.2.2 Running a server</a>
+</h3>
-<P>
+<p>
The start.py script in the ZEO directory can be used to start a
server. Run it with the -h option to see the various values. If
you're just experimenting, a good choise is to use
<code>python ZEO/start.py -D -U /tmp/zeosocket</code> to run ZEO in
debug mode and with a Unix domain socket.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000430000000000000000">
-3.3 Testing the ZEO Installation</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000430000000000000000">
+3.3 Testing the ZEO Installation</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
Once a ZEO server is up and running, using it is just like using ZODB
with a more conventional disk-based storage; no new programming
details are introduced by using a remote server. The only difference
@@ -184,13 +167,13 @@
code is happily unaware that objects are being retrieved from a ZEO
server, and not from the local disk.
-<P>
+<p>
As an example, and to test whether ZEO is working correctly, try
running the following lines of code, which will connect to the server,
add some bits of data to the root of the ZODB, and commits the
transaction:
-<P>
+<p>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
from ZEO import ClientStorage
from ZODB import DB
@@ -210,16 +193,16 @@
get_transaction().commit()
</pre></div>
-<P>
+<p>
If this code runs properly, then your ZEO server is working correctly.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000440000000000000000">
-3.4 ZEO Programming Notes</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000440000000000000000">
+3.4 ZEO Programming Notes</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
ZEO is written using <tt class="module">asyncore</tt>, from the Python standard
library. It assumes that some part of the user application is running
an <tt class="module">asyncore</tt> mainloop. For example, Zope run the loop in a
@@ -230,13 +213,13 @@
when you want to make sure the <tt class="class">Connection</tt> has the most recent
version of every object, but you don't have any other work for ZEO to do.
-<P>
+<p>
-<H2><A NAME="SECTION000450000000000000000">
-3.5 Sample Application: chatter.py</A>
-</H2>
+<h2><a name="SECTION000450000000000000000">
+3.5 Sample Application: chatter.py</a>
+</h2>
-<P>
+<p>
For an example application, we'll build a little chat application.
What's interesting is that none of the application's code deals with
network programming at all; instead, an object will hold chat
@@ -246,7 +229,7 @@
<a class="url" href="http://www.amk.ca/zodb/demos/">http://www.amk.ca/zodb/demos/</a>. Only the interesting portions of
the code will be covered here.
-<P>
+<p>
The basic data structure is the <tt class="class">ChatSession</tt> object,
which provides an <tt class="method">add_message()</tt> method that adds a
message, and a <tt class="method">new_messages()</tt> method that returns a list
@@ -255,11 +238,11 @@
maintains a B-tree that uses the time as the key, and stores the
message as the corresponding value.
-<P>
+<p>
The constructor for <tt class="class">ChatSession</tt> is pretty simple; it simply
creates an attribute containing a B-tree:
-<P>
+<p>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
class ChatSession(Persistent):
def __init__(self, name):
@@ -268,7 +251,7 @@
self._messages = BTrees.OOBTree.OOBTree()
</pre></div>
-<P>
+<p>
<tt class="method">add_message()</tt> has to add a message to the
<code>_messages</code> B-tree. A complication is that it's possible
that some other client is trying to add a message at the same time;
@@ -281,7 +264,7 @@
breaking out of the loop when the commit works without raising an
exception.
-<P>
+<p>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
def add_message(self, message):
"""Add a message to the channel.
@@ -305,7 +288,7 @@
# end while
</pre></div>
-<P>
+<p>
<tt class="method">new_messages()</tt> introduces the use of <i>volatile</i>
attributes. Attributes of a persistent object that begin with
<code>_v_</code> are considered volatile and are never stored in the
@@ -316,7 +299,7 @@
return the new messages accumulated since any other client called
<tt class="method">new_messages()</tt>, which isn't what we want.
-<P>
+<p>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
def new_messages(self):
"Return new messages."
@@ -337,92 +320,85 @@
return new
</pre></div>
-<P>
+<p>
This application is interesting because it uses ZEO to easily share a
data structure; ZEO and ZODB are being used for their networking
ability, not primarily for their data storage ability. I can foresee
many interesting applications using ZEO in this way:
-<P>
+<p>
-<UL>
-<LI>With a Tkinter front-end, and a cleverer, more scalable data
+<ul>
+<li>With a Tkinter front-end, and a cleverer, more scalable data
structure, you could build a shared whiteboard using the same
technique.
-<P>
-</LI>
-<LI>A shared chessboard object would make writing a networked chess
+<p>
+</li>
+<li>A shared chessboard object would make writing a networked chess
game easy.
-<P>
-</LI>
-<LI>You could create a Python class containing a CD's title and
+<p>
+</li>
+<li>You could create a Python class containing a CD's title and
track information. To make a CD database, a read-only ZEO server
could be opened to the world, or an HTTP or XML-RPC interface could
be written on top of the ZODB.
-<P>
-</LI>
-<LI>A program like Quicken could use a ZODB on the local disk to
+<p>
+</li>
+<li>A program like Quicken could use a ZODB on the local disk to
store its data. This avoids the need to write and maintain
specialized I/O code that reads in your objects and writes them out;
instead you can concentrate on the problem domain, writing objects
that represent cheques, stock portfolios, or whatever.
-<P>
-</LI>
-</UL>
-
-<P>
-
-<P>
-<BR><HR><H4>Footnotes</H4>
-<DL>
-<DT><A NAME="foot460">... themselves.</A><A
- href="zeo.html#tex2html1"><SUP>1</SUP></A></DT>
-<DD>These messages are
+<p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+<br><hr><h4>Footnotes</h4>
+<dl>
+<dt><a name="foot460">... themselves.</a><A
+ href="zeo.html#tex2html1"><sup>1</sup></a></dt>
+<dd>These messages are
small and sent in batches, so there would need to be a lot of writes
before it became a problem.
-</DD>
-</DL>
-<DIV CLASS="navigation">
-<div class='online-navigation'>
-<p></p><hr />
-<table align="center" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2">
-<tr>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="2 ZODB Programming"
- href="node3.html"><img src='previous.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Previous Page' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="parent" title="ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide"
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+</dd>
+</dl>
+<div class="navigation">
+<div id='bot-navigation-panel' xml:id='bot-navigation-panel'
+ class='online-navigation'>
+ <div class='spacer'></div>
+ <table class='iconbar'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="prev" title="2 zodb Programming"
+ href="node3.html"><img src='previous.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Previous Page' /></a></td>
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+ href="zodb.html"><img src='up.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Up one Level' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="4 transactions and Versioning"
+ href="node5.html"><img src='next.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Next Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
+ href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Contents' /></a></td>
+ <td class='titlebox'>ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ <div class='online-navigation text-links'>
+ Previous: <a rel="prev" href="node3.html">2 ZODB Programming</a>
+ Up: <a rel="parent" href="zodb.html">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</a>
+ Next: <a rel="next" href="node5.html">4 Transactions and Versioning</a>
+ </div>
+</div>
+<div class='spacer'></div>
+<span class="release-info">Documentation released on 27 April 2005.</span>
+<address>See <i><a href="about.html">About this document...</a></i>
+for information on suggesting changes.</address>
</div>
</div>
-<hr />
-<span class="release-info">Release 3.2.7, documentation updated on April 26, 2005.</span>
-</DIV>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
+</div> <!-- page-wrapper -->
+</body>
+</html>
=== ZODB3/Doc/zodb/zodb.css 1.2.6.4 => 1.2.6.5 ===
--- ZODB3/Doc/zodb/zodb.css:1.2.6.4 Mon Dec 13 13:18:08 2004
+++ ZODB3/Doc/zodb/zodb.css Wed Apr 27 15:08:21 2005
@@ -44,20 +44,12 @@
a:visited { color: #551a8b; }
a:link { color: #0000bb; }
-h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { font-family: avantgarde, sans-serif;
+h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { font-family: sans-serif;
font-weight: bold; }
h1 { font-size: 180%; }
h2 { font-size: 150%; }
h3, h4 { font-size: 120%; }
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- */
-.sectref { font-family: avantgarde, sans-serif; }
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-.navlabel { font-size: 85%; }
-
-
/* LaTeX2HTML insists on inserting <br> elements into headers which
* are marked with \label. This little bit of CSS magic ensures that
* these elements don't cause spurious whitespace to be added.
@@ -65,19 +57,20 @@
h1>br, h2>br, h3>br,
h4>br, h5>br, h6>br { display: none; }
-code, tt { font-family: "lucida typewriter", lucidatypewriter,
- monospace; }
-var { font-family: times, serif;
+code, tt { font-family: monospace; }
+var { font-family: serif;
font-style: italic;
font-weight: normal; }
+.keyword { color: rgb(38, 77, 117);
+ font-weight: bold; }
.Unix { font-variant: small-caps; }
-.typelabel { font-family: lucida, sans-serif; }
+.typelabel { font-family: sans-serif; }
.navigation td { background-color: #99ccff;
font-weight: bold;
- font-family: avantgarde, sans-serif;
+ font-family: sans-serif;
font-size: 110%; }
div.warning { background-color: #fffaf0;
@@ -106,8 +99,7 @@
.titlegraphic { vertical-align: top; }
.verbatim pre { color: #00008b;
- font-family: "lucida typewriter", lucidatypewriter,
- monospace;
+ font-family: monospace;
font-size: 90%; }
.verbatim { margin-left: 2em; }
.verbatim .footer { padding: 0.05in;
@@ -120,8 +112,7 @@
padding: 0.05in; }
.grammar-footer { padding: 0.05in;
font-size: 85%; }
-.grammartoken { font-family: "lucida typewriter", lucidatypewriter,
- monospace; }
+.grammartoken { font-family: monospace; }
.productions { background-color: #bbeeff; }
.productions a:active { color: #ff0000; }
@@ -135,15 +126,11 @@
.productions > table th { padding: 2px; }
.productions > table td:first-child,
.productions > table td:last-child {
- font-family: "lucida typewriter",
- lucidatypewriter,
- monospace;
+ font-family: monospace;
}
/* same as the second selector above, but expressed differently for Opera */
.productions > table td:first-child + td + td {
- font-family: "lucida typewriter",
- lucidatypewriter,
- monospace;
+ font-family: monospace;
vertical-align: baseline;
}
.productions > table td:first-child + td {
@@ -152,13 +139,34 @@
}
.productions > table tr { vertical-align: baseline; }
-.email { font-family: avantgarde, sans-serif; }
-.mailheader { font-family: avantgarde, sans-serif; }
-.mimetype { font-family: avantgarde, sans-serif; }
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-.url { font-family: avantgarde, sans-serif; }
-.file { font-family: avantgarde, sans-serif; }
-.guilabel { font-family: avantgarde, sans-serif; }
+.email { font-family: sans-serif; }
+.mailheader { font-family: sans-serif; }
+.mimetype { font-family: sans-serif; }
+.newsgroup { font-family: sans-serif; }
+.url { font-family: sans-serif; }
+.file { font-family: sans-serif; }
+.guilabel { font-family: sans-serif; }
+
+#top-navigation-panel .spacer { border-bottom: 2px solid;
+ margin-bottom: 0.8em; }
+#bot-navigation-panel .spacer { border-top: 2px solid;
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+.navigation .spacer { height: 5px; }
+.navigation .iconbar img { border: 0px; }
+.navigation td { background-color: #99ccff;
+ border-width: 0px; }
+.navigation .text-links { font-size: 75%;
+ font-weight: bold; }
+.navigation .text-links a { font-family: sans-serif;
+ font-size: 110%;
+ font-weight: normal; }
+.navigation .titlebox { padding: 0px 0.8em 0px 0px;
+ text-align: right;
+ width: 99%; }
+.ChildLinks { border-top: 2px solid black;
+ margin: 1em 0px 0px 0px;
+ padding: 0.4em 0px 0.4em 1.5em;
+ }
.realtable { border-collapse: collapse;
border-color: black;
@@ -175,7 +183,7 @@
.realtable thead { background-color: #99ccff;
border-width: 0px 0px 2px 1px;
display: table-header-group;
- font-family: avantgarde, sans-serif;
+ font-family: sans-serif;
font-weight: bold;
vertical-align: baseline;
}
@@ -226,8 +234,8 @@
* Additional styles for the distutils package.
*/
.du-command { font-family: monospace; }
-.du-option { font-family: avantgarde, sans-serif; }
-.du-filevar { font-family: avantgarde, sans-serif;
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font-style: italic; }
.du-xxx:before { content: "** ";
font-weight: bold; }
@@ -239,5 +247,7 @@
* Some specialization for printed output.
*/
@media print {
+ address,
+ .ChildLinks,
.online-navigation { display: none; }
}
=== ZODB3/Doc/zodb/zodb.html 1.2.6.19 => 1.2.6.20 ===
--- ZODB3/Doc/zodb/zodb.html:1.2.6.19 Tue Apr 26 16:05:59 2005
+++ ZODB3/Doc/zodb/zodb.html Wed Apr 27 15:08:21 2005
@@ -2,41 +2,31 @@
<html>
<head>
<link rel="STYLESHEET" href="zodb.css" type='text/css' />
-<link rel="first" href="zodb.html" title='ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide' />
+<link rel="first" href="zodb.html" title='ZODB/ZEO programming Guide' />
<link rel='contents' href='contents.html' title="Contents" />
<link rel='last' href='about.html' title='About this document...' />
<link rel='help' href='about.html' title='About this document...' />
<link rel="next" href="contents.html" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
<meta name='aesop' content='information' />
<title>ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</title>
</head>
<body>
-<DIV CLASS="navigation">
+<div class="page-wrapper">
+<div class="navigation">
<div id='top-navigation-panel' xml:id='top-navigation-panel'>
-<table align="center" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2">
-<tr>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='previous.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Previous Page' width='32' /></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='up.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Up One Level' width='32' /></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="Contents"
- href="contents.html"><img src='next.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Next Page' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td align="center" width="100%">ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
- href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='Contents' width='32' /></A></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
-<td class='online-navigation'><img src='blank.png'
- border='0' height='32' alt='' width='32' /></td>
-</tr></table>
-<div class='online-navigation'>
-<b class="navlabel">Next:</b>
-<a class="sectref" rel="next" href="contents.html">Contents</A>
+ <table class='iconbar'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="next" title="Contents"
+ href="contents.html"><img src='next.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Next Page' /></a></td>
+ <td class='online-navigation'><a rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"
+ href="contents.html"><img src='contents.png' height='32' width='32' alt='Contents' /></a></td>
+ <td class='titlebox'>ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ <div class='spacer'></div>
+</div>
</div>
-<hr /></div>
-</DIV>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
<div class="titlepage">
@@ -44,128 +34,117 @@
<h1>ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</h1>
<p><b><font size="+2">A.M. Kuchling</font></b></p>
<p><span class="email">amk at amk.ca</span></p>
-<p><strong>Release 3.2.7</strong><br />
-<strong>April 26, 2005</strong></p>
+<p><strong>Release 3.2.8</strong><br />
+<strong>27 April 2005</strong></p>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
-<p><br /></p><hr class='online-navigation' />
-<div class='online-navigation'>
-<!--Table of Child-Links-->
-<A NAME="CHILD_LINKS"></a>
-
-<UL CLASS="ChildLinks">
-<LI><A href="contents.html">Contents</a>
-<LI><A href="node2.html">1 Introduction</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="node2.html#SECTION000210000000000000000">1.1 What is the ZODB?</a>
-<LI><A href="node2.html#SECTION000220000000000000000">1.2 OODBs vs. Relational DBs</a>
-<LI><A href="node2.html#SECTION000230000000000000000">1.3 What is ZEO?</a>
-<LI><A href="node2.html#SECTION000240000000000000000">1.4 About this guide</a>
-<LI><A href="node2.html#SECTION000250000000000000000">1.5 Acknowledgements</a>
-</ul>
-<LI><A href="node3.html">2 ZODB Programming</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000310000000000000000">2.1 Installing ZODB</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000311000000000000000">2.1.1 Requirements</a>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000312000000000000000">2.1.2 Installing the Packages</a>
-</ul>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000320000000000000000">2.2 How ZODB Works</a>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000330000000000000000">2.3 Opening a ZODB</a>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000340000000000000000">2.4 Writing a Persistent Class</a>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000350000000000000000">2.5 Rules for Writing Persistent Classes</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000351000000000000000">2.5.1 Modifying Mutable Objects</a>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000352000000000000000">2.5.2 Some Special Methods Don't Work</a>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000353000000000000000">2.5.3 <tt class="method">__getattr__</tt>, <tt class="method">__delattr__</tt>, and <tt class="method">__setattr__</tt></a>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000354000000000000000">2.5.4 <tt class="method">__del__</tt> methods</a>
-</ul>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000360000000000000000">2.6 Writing Persistent Classes</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="node3.html#SECTION000361000000000000000">2.6.1 Changing Instance Attributes</a>
-</ul>
-</ul>
-<LI><A href="zeo.html">3 ZEO</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="zeo.html#SECTION000410000000000000000">3.1 How ZEO Works</a>
-<LI><A href="zeo.html#SECTION000420000000000000000">3.2 Installing ZEO</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="zeo.html#SECTION000421000000000000000">3.2.1 Requirements</a>
-<LI><A href="zeo.html#SECTION000422000000000000000">3.2.2 Running a server</a>
-</ul>
-<LI><A href="zeo.html#SECTION000430000000000000000">3.3 Testing the ZEO Installation</a>
-<LI><A href="zeo.html#SECTION000440000000000000000">3.4 ZEO Programming Notes</a>
-<LI><A href="zeo.html#SECTION000450000000000000000">3.5 Sample Application: chatter.py</a>
-</ul>
-<LI><A href="node5.html">4 Transactions and Versioning</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="node5.html#SECTION000510000000000000000">4.1 Subtransactions</a>
-<LI><A href="node5.html#SECTION000520000000000000000">4.2 Undoing Changes</a>
-<LI><A href="node5.html#SECTION000530000000000000000">4.3 Versions</a>
-<LI><A href="node5.html#SECTION000540000000000000000">4.4 Multithreaded ZODB Programs</a>
-</ul>
-<LI><A href="node6.html">5 Related Modules</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="node6.html#SECTION000610000000000000000">5.1 <tt class="module">ZODB.PersistentMapping</tt></a>
-<LI><A href="node6.html#SECTION000620000000000000000">5.2 <tt class="module">ZODB.PersistentList</tt></a>
-<LI><A href="node6.html#SECTION000630000000000000000">5.3 BTrees Package</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="node6.html#SECTION000631000000000000000">5.3.1 Total Ordering and Persistence</a>
-</ul>
-</ul>
-<LI><A href="node7.html">A. Resources</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html">B. GNU Free Documentation License</a>
-<UL>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000810000000000000000">Preamble</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000820000000000000000">B..1 Applicability and Definitions</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000830000000000000000">B..2 Verbatim Copying</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000840000000000000000">B..3 Copying in Quantity</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000850000000000000000">B..4 Modifications</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000860000000000000000">B..5 Combining Documents</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000870000000000000000">B..6 Collections of Documents</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000880000000000000000">B..7 Aggregation With Independent Works</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION000890000000000000000">B..8 Translation</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION0008100000000000000000">B..9 Termination</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION0008110000000000000000">B..10 Future Revisions of This Licence</a>
-<LI><A href="node8.html#SECTION0008120000000000000000">ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</a>
+<ul class="ChildLinks">
+<li><a href="contents.html">Contents</a>
+<li><a href="node2.html">1 Introduction</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="node2.html#SECTION000210000000000000000">1.1 What is the ZODB?</a>
+<li><a href="node2.html#SECTION000220000000000000000">1.2 OODBs vs. Relational DBs</a>
+<li><a href="node2.html#SECTION000230000000000000000">1.3 What is ZEO?</a>
+<li><a href="node2.html#SECTION000240000000000000000">1.4 About this guide</a>
+<li><a href="node2.html#SECTION000250000000000000000">1.5 Acknowledgements</a>
+</ul>
+<li><a href="node3.html">2 ZODB Programming</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000310000000000000000">2.1 Installing ZODB</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000311000000000000000">2.1.1 Requirements</a>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000312000000000000000">2.1.2 Installing the Packages</a>
+</ul>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000320000000000000000">2.2 How ZODB Works</a>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000330000000000000000">2.3 Opening a ZODB</a>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000340000000000000000">2.4 Writing a Persistent Class</a>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000350000000000000000">2.5 Rules for Writing Persistent Classes</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000351000000000000000">2.5.1 Modifying Mutable Objects</a>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000352000000000000000">2.5.2 Some Special Methods Don't Work</a>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000353000000000000000">2.5.3 <tt class="method">__getattr__</tt>, <tt class="method">__delattr__</tt>, and <tt class="method">__setattr__</tt></a>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000354000000000000000">2.5.4 <tt class="method">__del__</tt> methods</a>
+</ul>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000360000000000000000">2.6 Writing Persistent Classes</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="node3.html#SECTION000361000000000000000">2.6.1 Changing Instance Attributes</a>
+</ul>
+</ul>
+<li><a href="zeo.html">3 ZEO</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="zeo.html#SECTION000410000000000000000">3.1 How ZEO Works</a>
+<li><a href="zeo.html#SECTION000420000000000000000">3.2 Installing ZEO</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="zeo.html#SECTION000421000000000000000">3.2.1 Requirements</a>
+<li><a href="zeo.html#SECTION000422000000000000000">3.2.2 Running a server</a>
+</ul>
+<li><a href="zeo.html#SECTION000430000000000000000">3.3 Testing the ZEO Installation</a>
+<li><a href="zeo.html#SECTION000440000000000000000">3.4 ZEO Programming Notes</a>
+<li><a href="zeo.html#SECTION000450000000000000000">3.5 Sample Application: chatter.py</a>
+</ul>
+<li><a href="node5.html">4 Transactions and Versioning</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="node5.html#SECTION000510000000000000000">4.1 Subtransactions</a>
+<li><a href="node5.html#SECTION000520000000000000000">4.2 Undoing Changes</a>
+<li><a href="node5.html#SECTION000530000000000000000">4.3 Versions</a>
+<li><a href="node5.html#SECTION000540000000000000000">4.4 Multithreaded ZODB Programs</a>
+</ul>
+<li><a href="node6.html">5 Related Modules</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="node6.html#SECTION000610000000000000000">5.1 <tt class="module">ZODB.PersistentMapping</tt></a>
+<li><a href="node6.html#SECTION000620000000000000000">5.2 <tt class="module">ZODB.PersistentList</tt></a>
+<li><a href="node6.html#SECTION000630000000000000000">5.3 BTrees Package</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="node6.html#SECTION000631000000000000000">5.3.1 Total Ordering and Persistence</a>
+</ul>
+</ul>
+<li><a href="node7.html">A. Resources</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html">B. GNU Free Documentation License</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000810000000000000000">Preamble</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000820000000000000000">B..1 Applicability and Definitions</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000830000000000000000">B..2 Verbatim Copying</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000840000000000000000">B..3 Copying in Quantity</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000850000000000000000">B..4 Modifications</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000860000000000000000">B..5 Combining Documents</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000870000000000000000">B..6 Collections of Documents</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000880000000000000000">B..7 Aggregation With Independent Works</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION000890000000000000000">B..8 Translation</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION0008100000000000000000">B..9 Termination</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION0008110000000000000000">B..10 Future Revisions of This Licence</a>
+<li><a href="node8.html#SECTION0008120000000000000000">ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</a>
</ul>
-<LI><A href="about.html">About this document ...</a>
+<li><a href="about.html">About this document ...</a>
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+ <td class='titlebox'>ZODB/ZEO Programming Guide</td>
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+ Next: <a rel="next" href="contents.html">Contents</a>
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+<span class="release-info">Documentation released on 27 April 2005.</span>
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