Christopher Petrilli wrote:

OK gang, I've been beating my head against all the DAs of late, looking for thread safety issues (the long and the short is nothing is currently fully thread safe), however, as you read the attached document, you'll understand that getting them to work in a functional fashion is not going to be hard. We will be releasing fixed versions of Oracle, ODBC and perhaps one other in the very near future (this is my next task).

If you see any glaring errors, please let me know, or if you know of tricks related to making something work in a thread-safe fashion, please let me know.

I'd like to make some addition to Chris' DA status document. (I'll try to get this document, with my additions, into the doc directory of the Zope distribution.) - The global interpreter lock Any database extension should release the Python global interpreter lock when making database calls. Database calls can take a long time and it makes no sense to block other threads while this is happening. This is important for Zope 2 even when running with one application thread (e.g. "python z2.py -t1"). ZServer uses a minimum of two threads, one for medusa and n for application threads. A database extension that keeps the global interpreter lock blocks medusa. A database adapter has a C extension that does not contain the string "Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS" is almost certainly broken *even* for "single-threaded" Zope applications. - Transactions For databases that support transactions, ZODB wants to synchronize transactions across ZODB and all of the external databases. This is a *very* Good Thing. Consider the following example. A request modifies some Zope objects *and* modifies data in an Oracle table and in an Access table. After modifying these data, an error occurs. At this point, you want to undo all of the changes that were made. Without transactions, this would be very difficult. The changes might have been made in very different parts of the application and it would be necessary for the application to keep track of old values so that they could be restored. Fortunately, ZODB and transactions make error recovery simple. The application merely has to: get_transaction().abort() when an error occurs. (This happens automatically if the request was issued through ZPublisher.) The ZODB transaction manager will undo changes made to Zope objects *and* will issue aborts to Oracle and Access to undo changes made in those databases. If you don't think that this is *very cool*, re-read the last paragraph and think about it. Now, supporting transactions does require some some special effort on the part of the DA writer, and it will require even more effort for database adapters that are not thread safe. Unfortunately, we (I) haven't does a good job of communicating on this issue (or on DA writing in general). For a DA to participate in ZODB transaction processing, it must: - register with the transaction manager, and - implement the prootcol that the transaction manager uses to communicate with transaction-aware objects. As a bonus, the protocols have changes in ZODB 3. (To implement two-phase commit.) In an effort to make implementing transaction support easier, I created a mix-in class, TM, in Shared.DC.ZRDB.TM (lib/python/Shared/DC/ZRDB/TM.py). This class does most of the work of implementing ZODB3 aware transaction support for *both* ZODB 2 and ZODB 3. See the Gadfly DA for an example of how to use this. All DAs for transaction-aware databases should either mix-in and use TM or otherwise implement the ZODB 3 transaction protocol. Now *here's the important part wrt threads*: -------------------------------------------- If a database extension isn't thread safe, it isn't enough to protect extension *calls* with a global lock. If a low-level database connection is shared among multiple threads, it isn't enough to assure that only one thread uses the connection at once. You must assure that only one thread is in a *transaction* at once. The connection must be locked at transaction boundaries, not at call or even SQL boundaries. We intend to provide some additional guidence and software for dealling with this issue in the near future. Jim -- Jim Fulton mailto:jim@digicool.com Python Powered! Technical Director (888) 344-4332 http://www.python.org Digital Creations http://www.digicool.com http://www.zope.org Under US Code Title 47, Sec.227(b)(1)(C), Sec.227(a)(2)(B) This email address may not be added to any commercial mail list with out my permission. Violation of my privacy with advertising or SPAM will result in a suit for a MINIMUM of $500 damages/incident, $1500 for repeats.