Just completely disregard my previous post. -- migrate.py is meant to run as a Zope application, not as an extension, hence calling Zope.app() caused the reference error. I fixed it up to run as an extension with some quick hacks. Brad Clements, bkc@murkworks.com (315)268-1000 http://www.murkworks.com (315)268-9812 Fax netmeeting: ils://ils.murkworks.com AOL-IM: BKClements