April 2001 - Zope - Zope lists

Help on database connectivity
by Honey George 06 Apr '01

06 Apr '01

Hello, I have a problem in accessing postgres database from zope. I am able to access the database from the Z Sql method directly. Can anybody help me in accessing the database from a DTML documents. There parameters will be passed from an HTML form. Regards, George ------------------------------- Honey George Dialognet Technologies Y 220, II Avenue, Anna Nagar Chennai 600 040, India. Ph. 91-44-6216851/ 52 Fax 91-44-6216873 www.dialognet.com

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getting a value in a string
by dirk＠xs4all.nl 06 Apr '01

06 Apr '01

Hi all, today I had my first zope day. I read some documentation, did the (elvis) tutorial, then tried to make something simple. (I thought) I want to make some simple picture album. For now it seemed best to create a folder for the images inside the folder which holds the DTML code. Displaying all the available pictures works. But I actually want to display a thumbnail which is a link to the bigger picture and I want a link to the real full size picture so anyone who wants to can download it. Alle sizes have some common part in their name, let's say img_100.jpg, img_100_640x480.jpg and img_100_thumb.jpg. Okay, now the problem. I can get the file name of the image that I display, but I can't get in a variable. I can display it but I can't assign it to some string. And I need it to be a string so I can manipulate it. How can I get a value in a string? Dirk

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RE: [Zope] Apache virtual host combined with Zope
by Andy Gimblett 06 Apr '01

06 Apr '01

I've had success with both FastCGI and ProxyPass/SiteRoot, but haven't used VirtualHostMonster (took a look, but decided that SiteRoot could handle my needs for now). No experience of PCGI. I found this How-To: http://www.zope.org/Members/anser/apache_zserver to be probably the most useful/clear. As for "state of the art" and what you "should" be using, I'm not sure... I'd just say use whatever works for you. :) (Sorry, evasive answer, I realise!). One thing to note: I couldn't find out how to use FastCGI to serve _part_ of my Zope site as a virtual. In ProxyPass this is easy (which is why I'm using it), but I could only get FastCGI to serve the entire Zope tree. I'd prefer to use FastCGI if I could, because then I can force all requests to go through Apache, whereas using ProxyPass, you could just make a request to :8080, as it were. Does anyone know a way around this? Just my 2p, Andy -- Andy Gimblett <andy.gimblett(a)ftech.net> Programmer Frontier Internet Services Limited <www.frontier-internet.ltd.uk> Tel: 029 20 820 044 Fax: 029 20 820 035 Statements made are at all times subject to Frontier's Terms and Conditions of Business, which are available upon request.

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Error in upgrade ZCatalog
by Howard Zhang 06 Apr '01

06 Apr '01

Hi there I met a problem when i upgrade zope from 2.3.0 to 2.3.1 . If i search "tractor" in PTK search field ( right top ). I get an error : Error type TypeError Error value expected integer key Error trace back Traceback (innermost last): File /zope/zope-dc-2.3.1/lib/python/ZPublisher/Publish.py, line 171, in publish File /zope/zope-dc-2.3.1/lib/python/ZPublisher/mapply.py, line 160, in mapply (Object: search) File /zope/zope-dc-2.3.1/lib/python/ZPublisher/Publish.py, line 112, in call_object (Object: search) File /zope/zope-dc-2.3.1/lib/python/OFS/DTMLMethod.py, line 189, in __call__ (Object: search) File /zope/zope-dc-2.3.1/lib/python/DocumentTemplate/DT_String.py, line 538, in __call__ (Object: search) File /zope/zope-dc-2.3.1/lib/python/DocumentTemplate/DT_In.py, line 480, in renderwb (Object: portal_catalog) File /zope/zope-dc/lib/python/Products/PTKBase/CatalogTool.py, line 163, in searchResults (Object: Traversable) File /zope/zope-dc-2.3.1/lib/python/Products/ZCatalog/ZCatalog.py, line 535, in searchResults (Object: Traversable) File /zope/zope-dc-2.3.1/lib/python/Products/ZCatalog/Catalog.py, line 651, in searchResults File /zope/zope-dc-2.3.1/lib/python/Products/ZCatalog/Catalog.py, line 542, in _indexedSearch File /zope/zope-dc-2.3.1/lib/python/SearchIndex/UnTextIndex.py, line 513, in _apply_index File /zope/zope-dc-2.3.1/lib/python/SearchIndex/UnTextIndex.py, line 576, in query File /zope/zope-dc-2.3.1/lib/python/SearchIndex/UnTextIndex.py, line 616, in evaluate File /zope/zope-dc-2.3.1/lib/python/SearchIndex/UnTextIndex.py, line 448, in __getitem__ TypeError: expected integer key What should i do? thanks

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Re: [Zope] S...L...O...W Zope
by Bak ＠ kedai 06 Apr '01

06 Apr '01

-----Original Message----- From: Bill Blevins <bblevins(a)fredericksburg.com> To: zope(a)zope.org <zope(a)zope.org> Date: Friday, April 06, 2001 8:31 PM Subject: [Zope] S...L...O...W Zope >fredericksburg.com serves between 30 and 50 thousand page views per day >using Zope. > >Several times per day, the management side of zope slows to a crawl (several >minutes between pages). The Web side slows, but not as noticeably. Most >times, restarting zope (3-4 times per day) helps. Other times we have to >restart everything. > >On this box we have other Zope installations as well as other non-zope >sites. > >In order to get help from the list to fix this regular and frustrating >problem, what would you need to know? we have experienced the same problem[http://www.nst.com.my]. what's your setup like? what OS? are you using zeo? how's the input of data done? zope version? any access to RDBMS? what we've done setup zeo seperate editorial function to one zeo client serve up pages via many other zeo clients. use balance to balance the load.[balance.sourceforge.net] previously, we use dns round robin. it works, up to a point. at peak load, it takes quite some time to establish connection. we then tried mod_backhand. works, but not quite. had a little problem with ie. tried balance, and currently, everything works great. [backhand.org] to help make things even snappier, we installed mod_gzip. and we hope this great response time stays. we use apache to frontend zope. and from experience, whenever there's more than 100 simultaneous connections, apache will take sometime to load. this may shed some light somewhat http://zope.nipltd.com/public/lists/zope-archive.nsf/Main?SearchView=&Query= what+is+high+load&SearchOrder=1&Start=1&Count=20 hth > >Thanks. > >Bill > > > >_______________________________________________ >Zope maillist - Zope(a)zope.org >http://lists.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope >** No cross posts or HTML encoding! ** >(Related lists - > http://lists.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-announce > http://lists.zope.org/mailman/listinfo/zope-dev ) >

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Re(2): Re(2): [Zope] Cascading Style Sheets in N etscape 6
by Craig Stoddart 06 Apr '01

06 Apr '01

>The best thing to do is to capture the source FROM WITHIN NETSCAPE ITSELF. >That is what Netscape sees. I know that NS 6 is pretty good about css, and >its javascript works right for most of my pages. So the chances are that >the html it is receiving has some oddity. You need to capture it so we can >see. I'm not entirely sure if I understand what you mean, but when I do "View Page Source" In Netscape 6 the code is reflected as it should be. I know how fussy Netscape is about missing HTML tags, but as the CSS work well in Netscape 4.75 I do not understand why it isn't working on Netscape 6, nor do I understand why my Java no longer works either. Unfortunately the site in question is on our intranet so I can't give you a link to it, but this is the code that I get when I do "View Page Source" in Netscape 6. There are 3 items that should respond to the style sheet - OAA, menus & OAAmenuhead - yet none of them work in Netscape 6. What confuses me even more is the fact that at the top of my CSS I have the line: <dtml-call "REQUEST.set('site_fonts', 'arial, helvetica, sans-serif')"> and Netscape 6 does recognise this (as it uses that font). It just doesn't recognise any of the variables I have set up in my style sheet. <HTML><HEAD> <base href="http://intranet.dundeecity.gov. uk/intranet/outdoor-safety/docs/" /> <TITLE>Outdoor Adventure Activities </TITLE> <link HREF="http://intranet. dundeecity.gov.uk/intranet/outdoor-safety/styles/global.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> </HEAD> <BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <DIV ID="overDiv" STYLE="position:absolute; visibility:hide; z-index:1;"></DIV> <SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript" SRC="/js/overlib.js"></script> <TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0"> <TR> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="10%"><a href="http://intranet.dundeecity.gov. uk/intranet/depts/nrdd/"><img src="http://intranet.dundeecity.gov. uk/intranet/outdoor-safety/nhrd_small.jpg" alt="Neighbourhood Resources Intranet Site" border="0"></a></TD> <TD class="OAA" align="center">OUTDOOR ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="10%"><a href="http://www.aala.org/"><img src="http://intranet. dundeecity.gov.uk/intranet/outdoor-safety/aala.gif" alt="Adventure Activities Licensing Authority" border="0"></a></TD> </TR>  <TR><TD COLSPAN="3"> </TD></TR> <TR> <TD width="10%" valign="top"> <table bgcolor="#8E6B23" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="120" height="363"> <tr> <td> <table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" width="100%"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#8E6B23" align="left">Outdoor Menu</td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" valign="top"> <a href="http://intranet/">DCC Intranet</a> <a href="http://intranet.dundeecity.gov.uk/intranet/outdoor-safety">Safety Site Homepage</a> <a href="http://intranet.dundeecity.gov. uk/intranet/outdoor-safety/docs/SafetyManagement/">Safety Management</a> <a href="http://intranet.dundeecity.gov. uk/intranet/outdoor-safety/docs/OAARegs/">Outdoor Adventure Activities Regulations</a> <a href="http://intranet.dundeecity.gov. uk/intranet/outdoor-safety/docs/AAL/">Adventure Activities Licensing</a> <a href="http://intranet.dundeecity.gov. uk/intranet/outdoor-safety/docs/PDA/">Personnel Database Accreditation</a> <a href="http://intranet.dundeecity.gov. uk/intranet/outdoor-safety/docs/ExternalAgencies/">External Agencies/ Service Level Agreements</a> <a href="http://intranet.dundeecity.gov. uk/intranet/outdoor-safety/docs/Infolog/">Safety/Near Miss Infolog</a> <a href="http://intranet.dundeecity.gov. uk/intranet/outdoor-safety/docs/forum/">Discussion Forum</a> <a href="http://intranet.dundeecity.gov. uk/intranet/outdoor-safety/training_op/">Training Opportunities</a> <a href="http://intranet.dundeecity.gov. uk/intranet/outdoor-safety/docs/DukeEdinburgh/">Duke of Edinburgh's Award - Expedition /Exploration Requirements</a> <a href="http://intranet.dundeecity.gov. uk/intranet/outdoor-safety/docs/Further/">Further Information / Guidance</a> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td colspan="2" valign="top"> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN"> <HTML> <HEAD> <META HTTP-EQUIV="CONTENT-TYPE" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <TITLE>SAFETY SITE HOMEPAGE</TITLE> <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="StarOffice/5.2 (Win32)"> <META NAME="CREATED" CONTENT="20010123; 16005737"> <META NAME="CHANGEDBY" CONTENT="Craig Stoddart"> <META NAME="CHANGED" CONTENT="20010125;11211796"> </HEAD> <BODY> <H3 ALIGN=CENTER>SAFETY SITE HOMEPAGE </H3> Welcome to Dundee City Council Homepage for information and guidance on the operation and regulation of tuition in outdoor adventure activities under the management of Dundee City Council <IMG SRC="homepage.jpg" NAME="Graphic1" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=451 HEIGHT=302 BORDER=0> For information/guidance on any of the content of this website please contact: A D Boffey, Manager, Neighbourhood Resources & Development Department, Podium Block, Tayside House, Crichton Street, Dundee, DD1 3RZ.  Tel 01382 433972, Fax 01382 433871, E-mail: <A HREF="mailto:tony.boffey@dundeecity.gov.uk">tony.boffey(a)dundeecity.gov. uk</A> </BODY> </HTML> </td> </tr> </TABLE> </body> </html> </BODY></HTML> This is the code in my CSS: <dtml-call "RESPONSE.setHeader('Content-Type','text/css')"> <dtml-call "REQUEST.set( 'sniffer', UserSniffer() )"> <dtml-call "REQUEST.set('site_fonts', 'arial, helvetica, sans-serif')"> <dtml-if expr="sniffer['platform'] == 'Win32' and sniffer['browser'] == 'IE'"> <dtml-comment> ie needs smaller fonts than anyone else </dtml-comment> <dtml-call "REQUEST.set('font_size', 'x-small')"> <dtml-call "REQUEST.set('font_smaller', 'xx-small')"> <dtml-call "REQUEST.set('font_smallest', '7pt')"> <dtml-elif expr="sniffer['platform'] == 'Win32'"> <dtml-comment> Netscape or others on WIntel </dtml-comment> <dtml-call "REQUEST.set('font_size', 'small')"> <dtml-call "REQUEST.set('font_smaller', 'x-small')"> <dtml-call "REQUEST.set('font_smallest', 'x-small')"> <dtml-elif expr="sniffer['platform'] == 'Mac'"> <dtml-comment> Mac users need bigger fonts</dtml-comment> <dtml-call "REQUEST.set('font_size', 'medium')"> <dtml-call "REQUEST.set('font_smaller', 'small')"> <dtml-call "REQUEST.set('font_smallest', 'x-small')"> <dtml-else> <dtml-comment> Linux and all other users</dtml-comment> <dtml-call "REQUEST.set('font_size', 'small')"> <dtml-call "REQUEST.set('font_smaller', 'x-small')"> <dtml-call "REQUEST.set('font_smallest', 'x-small')"> </dtml-if> BODY , TH, TD, OL, UL, LI { font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: <dtml-var font_size>; } P { font-family: <dtml-var site_fonts>; font-size: <dtml-var font_size>; color: black;} H1 { font-size: 175%; font-family: <dtml-var site_fonts>; } H2 { font-size: 150%; font-family: <dtml-var site_fonts>; } H3 { font-size: 125%; font-family: <dtml-var site_fonts>; } H4 { font-size: 100%; font-family: <dtml-var site_fonts>; } H5 { font-size: 75%; font-family: <dtml-var site_fonts>; } H6 { font-size: 50%; font-family: <dtml-var site_fonts>; } PRE, TT, CODE { font-family: courier, sans-serif; font-size: <dtml-var font_size>; } A:visited { color: purple; font-family : <dtml-var site_fonts>; } A: { color: blue; text-decoration: underline; font-family : <dtml-var site_fonts>; font-size : <dtml-var font_size>; ) A.menus { color: #FF6666; text-decoration: none; font-size: <dtml-var font_smallest>; } A.menus:visited { color: #FF6666; text-decoration: none; font-size: <dtml-var font_smaller>; } A.menus:hover { text-decoration: none; color: #FF6666; background: #ffa; font-size: <dtml-var font_smaller>; } A.menussel { color: #FF6666; text-decoration: none; background: #ffa; font-size: <dtml-var font_smaller>; } A.menussel:visited { color: #FF6666; text-decoration: none; background: #ffa; font-size: <dtml-var font_smaller>; } A.menussel:hover { text-decoration: none; color: #FF6666; background: #ffa; font-size: <dtml-var font_smaller>; } A.menusxxs { color: #FF6666; text-decoration: none; font-size: <dtml-var font_smallest>; } A.menusxxs:visited { color: #FF6666; text-decoration: none; font-size: <dtml-var font_smallest>; } A.menusxxs:hover { text-decoration: none; color: #FF6666; background: #ffa; font-size: <dtml-var font_smallest>; } PRE { font-family : "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size : small; font-style : normal; font-variant : normal; font-weight : normal; color : Black} .DCCIntra { background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 26pt; font-weight: bold; color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: italic} .match { background-color: "#FFFF00"; font-weight: bold; color: #0000CC} .newshead {font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: #FFFFCC; font-size: 14pt; font-style: italic} .newsitem {font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; color: Black; font-style: normal} .breadcrumbs { background-color: #FFFF33; font-size: <dtml-var font_size>; font-weight: bold; color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: italic} <dtml-comment> Outdoor Activities Styles</dtml-comment> .OAA { background-color: green; font-size: 20pt; font-weight: bold; color: gold; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: italic} .OAAmenuhead { background-color: #8E6B23; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; color: gold; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: italic} .menus { font-size: <dtml-var font_smaller>} I have tried putting <style type="text/css"> </style> tags at the beginning and end of the CSS but that didn't make any difference, hence why I removed them. If you can give tell me where I'm going wrong I'd be very grateful as I've been trying to figure this out for 3 days now without getting anywhere, and if I can't get it to work then I'm going to have to scrap all the variables in the CSS and hardcode them all in in HTML as the website has to be compatible will all browsers, including Netscape 6. ------------------------------------------------- Craig Stoddart IT Software Development Officer Dundee City Council IT Division Northern College Technical Block Gardyne Road Dundee DD5 1NY Phone: 01382 438170 Fax: 01382 438002 E-mail: craig.stoddart(a)dundeecity.gov.uk -------------------------------------------------

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RE: [Zope] Apache virtual host combined with Zope
by Andy Gimblett 06 Apr '01

06 Apr '01

> Ah, so your problem is different from what I though. I > thought you want to serve some dirs from Apache, and > some from Zope. But you want server entire server from > Zope, but not from root of ZODB. You've got it - that's exactly what I want. > There is certainly a parameter for this, but I don't know it. > What is /usr/local/apache/htdocs/foo? It's a dummy file, but I don't know why/if it's needed. I think it's time to play "hunt the docs". :-) OK, this looks good: http://www.fastcgi.com/mod_fastcgi/docs/mod_fastcgi.html Let's see... <VirtualHost 1.2.3.4> ServerAdmin gimbo(a)ftech.net ServerName foo.bar.com ErrorLog logs/foo_error.log CustomLog logs/foo_access.log common FastCgiExternalServer /usr/local/apache/htdocs/foo \ -host localhost:8889 \ -pass-header Authorization SetHandler fastcgi-script </VirtualHost> OK, so "SetHandler fascgi-script" tells Apache to handle all files (within the scope of this directive) as FastCGI applications... Fair enough. >From that doc: "The FastCgiExternalServer directive defines _filename_ as an external FastCGI application. If filename does not begin with a slash (/) then it is assumed to be relative to the ServerRoot. The filename does not have to exist in the local filesystem. URIs that Apache resolves to this filename will be handled by this external FastCGI application... External FastCGI applications are not started by the process manager, they are presumed to be started and managed "external" to Apache and mod_fastcgi. " So my dummy doesn't (apparently) need to exist. Interesting. Hmmm, but no, FastCGIExternalServer *doesn't* appear to have any directive to point to a "subdirectory" in the external server. None of the other directives seem to be appropriate either. Possible solutions: 1. Use a rewrite rule. Eurgh, I hate these. :-) 2. Get Zope to listen out for FastCGI on multiple ports, one for each virtual. Seems like overkill! Hmmm, think I'll stick with ProxyPass. ;-) Ah well, at least now I've looked into this! Cheers, -Andy -- Andy Gimblett <andy.gimblett(a)ftech.net> Programmer Frontier Internet Services Limited <www.frontier-internet.ltd.uk> Tel: 029 20 820 044 Fax: 029 20 820 035 Statements made are at all times subject to Frontier's Terms and Conditions of Business, which are available upon request. > -----Original Message----- > From: Oleg Broytmann [mailto:phd@phd.fep.ru] > Sent: 06 April 2001 15:58 > To: Andy Gimblett > Cc: 'zope(a)zope.org' > Subject: RE: [Zope] Apache virtual host combined with Zope > > > > On Fri, 6 Apr 2001, Andy Gimblett wrote: > > <VirtualHost 1.2.3.4> > > ServerAdmin gimbo(a)ftech.net > > ServerName foo.bar.com > > ErrorLog logs/foo_error.log > > CustomLog logs/foo_access.log common > > > > FastCgiExternalServer /usr/local/apache/htdocs/foo \ > > -host localhost:8889 \ > > -pass-header Authorization > > SetHandler fastcgi-script > > </VirtualHost> > > > > Looking at that, I can't see any way to tell it to pass the > > request to a subdirectory of the Zope tree being served up by > > the ZServer listening on 8889. So the effect is that foo.bar.com > > is a virtual for the entire Zope tree instead. > > > > As I say, maybe there's another parameter to FastCgiExternalServer > > which does it, but I haven't found it. I haven't looked too hard, > > either, mind. ;-) > > Oleg. > ---- > Oleg Broytmann http://www.zope.org/Members/phd/ > phd(a)phd.pp.ru > Programmers don't die, they just GOSUB without RETURN. >

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Addition to: Re: [Zope] allowing only certain domains for certain objects/directories?
by rossini＠blindglobe.net 06 Apr '01

06 Apr '01

>>>>> "AJR" == A J Rossini <rossini(a)blindglobe.net> writes: AJR> What is the right approach for allowing only certain domains AJR> anonymous access to certain subdirectories? A user folder in AJR> the folder directory with anonymous being domain-restricted? AJR> I've got an Apache/Zope proxy-pass set up, but am not sure if AJR> it would be "better" to block at Apache or at the Zope level AJR> (to be honest, I'd prefer at the Zope level, for ease of AJR> remote management, but...). Correction - I'm feeding stuff from this folder using LocalFS. So, I was thinking of putting the LocalFS object in a subdirectory and changing the anonymous user access. OR, using apache to block that URL call. But is there a cleaner/cleverer way? best, -tony -- A.J. Rossini Rsrch. Asst. Prof. of Biostatistics UW Biostat/Center for AIDS Research rossini(a)u.washington.edu FHCRC/SCHARP/HIV Vaccine Trials Net rossini(a)scharp.org -------- (friday is unknown) -------- FHCRC: M--W : 206-667-7025 (fax=4812)|Voicemail is pretty sketchy CFAR: ?? : 206-731-3647 (fax=3694)|Email is far better than phone UW: Th : 206-543-1044 (fax=3286)|Change last 4 digits of phone to FAX

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allowing only certain domains for certain objects/directories?
by rossini＠blindglobe.net 06 Apr '01

06 Apr '01

What is the right approach for allowing only certain domains anonymous access to certain subdirectories? A user folder in the folder directory with anonymous being domain-restricted? I've got an Apache/Zope proxy-pass set up, but am not sure if it would be "better" to block at Apache or at the Zope level (to be honest, I'd prefer at the Zope level, for ease of remote management, but...). Any thoughts appreciated! best, -tony -- A.J. Rossini Rsrch. Asst. Prof. of Biostatistics UW Biostat/Center for AIDS Research rossini(a)u.washington.edu FHCRC/SCHARP/HIV Vaccine Trials Net rossini(a)scharp.org -------- (friday is unknown) -------- FHCRC: M--W : 206-667-7025 (fax=4812)|Voicemail is pretty sketchy CFAR: ?? : 206-731-3647 (fax=3694)|Email is far better than phone UW: Th : 206-543-1044 (fax=3286)|Change last 4 digits of phone to FAX

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Re: [Zope] ZipFolder Problems
by Jens Quade 06 Apr '01

06 Apr '01

Jens Quade <jq(a)jquade.de> writes: > This is a known problem [ #412214 ] in zipfile.py rev < 1.11 and the > (only) reason why I tagged the Product "Generic UNIX like". I now know it was not the only problem, but now there is a new release (including a new zipfile152.py file) that should work even on Windows: http://www.zope.org/Members/snej/ZipFolder/ZipFolder-0.2.1.tar.gz/view > It happens only if the zipfile is unreadable for zipfile.py, the > constructor leaves the temporary file open, os.unlink() fails. (this happend always 'cause I forgot to set that binary flag...) jens -- Shipping software is an unnatural act

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