I've written a patch against the Zope trunk that integrates the
functionality of the VerboseSecurity product into the Zope core. I've
attached the patch, which is based on Subversion revision 30788. All
Zope tests pass with the patch, whether verbose security is enabled or
not. A couple of improvements over the VerboseSecurity product are also
in the patch; in particular, object paths and failed permission names
are displayed more often.
To enable verbose security, apply the patch, recompile and reinstall
using "make", then add the following lines to etc/zope.conf:
security-policy-implementation python
verbose-security on
Let me know whether it works for you (reply to the zope-dev list as well.)
This patch supercedes the VerboseSecurity product, so I don't plan to
update the VerboseSecurity product for Zope 2.8. Should the patch be
included in Zope 2.8.1?
Shane
Index: lib/python/Zope2/Startup/__init__.py
===================================================================
--- lib/python/Zope2/Startup/__init__.py (revision 30788)
+++ lib/python/Zope2/Startup/__init__.py (working copy)
@@ -151,7 +151,8 @@
self.cfg.security_policy_implementation)
AccessControl.setDefaultBehaviors(
not self.cfg.skip_ownership_checking,
- not self.cfg.skip_authentication_checking)
+ not self.cfg.skip_authentication_checking,
+ self.cfg.verbose_security)
def setupLocale(self):
# set a locale if one has been specified in the config
Index: lib/python/Zope2/Startup/zopeschema.xml
===================================================================
--- lib/python/Zope2/Startup/zopeschema.xml (revision 30788)
+++ lib/python/Zope2/Startup/zopeschema.xml (working copy)
@@ -621,6 +621,18 @@
<metadefault>off</metadefault>
</key>
+ <key name="verbose-security" datatype="boolean"
+ default="off">
+ <description>
+ Set this directive to 'on' to enable verbose security exceptions.
+ This can help you track down the reason for Unauthorized exceptions,
+ but it is not suitable for public sites because it may reveal
+ unnecessary information about the structure of your site. Only
+ works if security-policy-implementation is set to 'PYTHON'.
+ </description>
+ <metadefault>off</metadefault>
+ </key>
+
<key name="maximum-number-of-session-objects" datatype="integer"
default="1000" handler="maximum_number_of_session_objects">
<description>
Index: lib/python/AccessControl/cAccessControl.c
===================================================================
--- lib/python/AccessControl/cAccessControl.c (revision 30788)
+++ lib/python/AccessControl/cAccessControl.c (working copy)
@@ -2254,9 +2254,18 @@
module_setDefaultBehaviors(PyObject *ignored, PyObject *args)
{
PyObject *result = NULL;
- int own, auth;
+ int own, auth, verbose;
- if (PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ii:setDefaultBehaviors", &own, &auth)) {
+ if (PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "iii:setDefaultBehaviors", &own, &auth,
+ &verbose)) {
+ if (verbose) {
+ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_NotImplementedError,
+ "This security policy implementation does not implement "
+ "the verbose option. To enable verbose security "
+ "exceptions, add 'security-policy-implementation "
+ "python' to etc/zope.conf.");
+ return NULL;
+ }
ownerous = own;
authenticated = authenticated;
result = Py_None;
Index: lib/python/AccessControl/ImplPython.py
===================================================================
--- lib/python/AccessControl/ImplPython.py (revision 30788)
+++ lib/python/AccessControl/ImplPython.py (working copy)
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
from Acquisition import aq_inner
from Acquisition import aq_acquire
from ExtensionClass import Base
-from zLOG import LOG, PROBLEM
+from zLOG import LOG, BLATHER, PROBLEM
# This is used when a permission maps explicitly to no permission. We
# try and get this from cAccessControl first to make sure that if both
@@ -47,6 +47,13 @@
_default_roles = ('Manager',)
+# If _embed_permission_in_roles is enabled, computed __roles__
+# attributes will often include a special role that encodes the name
+# of the permission from which the roles were derived. This is useful
+# for verbose security exceptions.
+_embed_permission_in_roles = 0
+
+
def rolesForPermissionOn(perm, object, default=_default_roles, n=None):
"""Return the roles that have the given permission on the given object
"""
@@ -57,14 +64,20 @@
if hasattr(object, n):
roles = getattr(object, n)
if roles is None:
+ if _embed_permission_in_roles:
+ return ('Anonymous', n)
return 'Anonymous',
t = type(roles)
if t is tuple:
# If we get a tuple, then we don't acquire
if r is None:
+ if _embed_permission_in_roles:
+ return roles + (n,)
return roles
- return r+list(roles)
+ if _embed_permission_in_roles:
+ return r + list(roles) + [n]
+ return r + list(roles)
if t is str:
# We found roles set to a name. Start over
@@ -78,7 +91,8 @@
elif roles:
if r is None:
r = list(roles)
- else: r = r + list(roles)
+ else:
+ r = r + list(roles)
object = getattr(object, 'aq_inner', None)
if object is None:
@@ -86,8 +100,18 @@
object = object.aq_parent
if r is None:
+ if _embed_permission_in_roles:
+ if default:
+ if isinstance(default, tuple):
+ return default + (n,)
+ else:
+ return default + [n]
+ else:
+ return [n]
return default
+ if _embed_permission_in_roles:
+ return r + [n]
return r
@@ -173,10 +197,10 @@
class ZopeSecurityPolicy:
- def __init__(self, ownerous=1, authenticated=1):
+ def __init__(self, ownerous=1, authenticated=1, verbose=0):
"""Create a Zope security policy.
- Two optional keyword arguments may be provided:
+ Optional arguments may be provided:
ownerous -- Untrusted users can create code
(e.g. Python scripts or templates),
@@ -195,20 +219,28 @@
scenario is a ZEO configuration in which some
clients allow only public access and other
clients allow full management.
+
+ verbose -- Include debugging information in Unauthorized
+ exceptions. Not suitable for public sites.
"""
self._ownerous = ownerous
self._authenticated = authenticated
+ self._verbose = verbose
def validate(self, accessed, container, name, value, context,
roles=_noroles, getattr=getattr, _noroles=_noroles,
valid_aq_=('aq_parent','aq_inner', 'aq_explicit')):
- # Note: accessed is not used.
-
############################################################
# Provide special rules for the acquisition attributes
if isinstance(name, str):
if name.startswith('aq_') and name not in valid_aq_:
+ if self._verbose:
+ raiseVerbose(
+ 'aq_* names (other than %s) are not allowed'
+ % ', '.join(valid_aq_),
+ accessed, container, name, value, context
+ )
raise Unauthorized(name, value)
containerbase = aq_base(container)
@@ -238,6 +270,10 @@
# Either container or a list of roles is required
# for ZopeSecurityPolicy to know whether access is
# allowable.
+ if self._verbose:
+ raiseVerbose(
+ 'No container provided',
+ accessed, container, name, value, context)
raise Unauthorized(name, value)
roles = getattr(container, '__roles__', roles)
@@ -245,12 +281,22 @@
if containerbase is container:
# Container is not wrapped.
if containerbase is not accessedbase:
+ if self._verbose:
+ raiseVerbose(
+ 'Unable to find __roles__ in the container '
+ 'and the container is not wrapped',
+ accessed, container, name, value, context)
raise Unauthorized(name, value)
else:
# Try to acquire roles
try: roles = container.aq_acquire('__roles__')
except AttributeError:
if containerbase is not accessedbase:
+ if self._verbose:
+ raiseVerbose(
+ 'Unable to find or acquire __roles__ '
+ 'from the container',
+ accessed, container, name, value, context)
raise Unauthorized(name, value)
# We need to make sure that we are allowed to
@@ -276,6 +322,10 @@
p = p(name, value)
if not p:
+ if self._verbose:
+ raiseVerbose(
+ 'The container has no security assertions',
+ accessed, container, name, value, context)
raise Unauthorized(name, value)
if roles is _noroles:
@@ -307,6 +357,26 @@
if (owner is not None) and not owner.allowed(value, roles):
# We don't want someone to acquire if they can't
# get an unacquired!
+ if self._verbose:
+ if len(roles) < 1:
+ raiseVerbose(
+ "The object is marked as private",
+ accessed, container, name, value, context)
+ elif userHasRolesButNotInContext(owner, value, roles):
+ raiseVerbose(
+ "The owner of the executing script is defined "
+ "outside the context of the object being "
+ "accessed",
+ accessed, container, name, value, context,
+ required_roles=roles, eo_owner=owner, eo=eo)
+ else:
+ raiseVerbose(
+ "The owner of the executing script does not "
+ "have the required permission",
+ accessed, container, name, value, context,
+ required_roles=roles, eo_owner=owner, eo=eo,
+ eo_owner_roles=getUserRolesInContext(
+ owner, value))
raise Unauthorized(name, value)
# Proxy roles, which are a lot safer now.
@@ -324,6 +394,16 @@
if not owner._check_context(container):
# container is higher up than the owner,
# deny access
+ if self._verbose:
+ raiseVerbose(
+ "The owner of the executing script is "
+ "defined outside the context of the "
+ "object being accessed. The script has "
+ "proxy roles, but they do not apply in "
+ "this context.",
+ accessed, container, name, value, context,
+ required_roles=roles, eo_owner=owner,
+ eo=eo)
raise Unauthorized(name, value)
for r in proxy_roles:
@@ -331,6 +411,18 @@
return 1
# Proxy roles actually limit access!
+ if self._verbose:
+ if len(roles) < 1:
+ raiseVerbose(
+ "The object is marked as private",
+ accessed, container, name, value, context)
+ else:
+ raiseVerbose(
+ "The proxy roles set on the executing script "
+ "do not allow access",
+ accessed, container, name, value, context,
+ eo=eo, eo_proxy_roles=proxy_roles,
+ required_roles=roles)
raise Unauthorized(name, value)
try:
@@ -339,6 +431,29 @@
except AttributeError:
pass
+ if self._verbose:
+ if len(roles) < 1:
+ raiseVerbose(
+ "The object is marked as private",
+ accessed, container, name, value, context)
+ elif not self._authenticated:
+ raiseVerbose(
+ "Authenticated access is not allowed by this "
+ "security policy",
+ accessed, container, name, value, context)
+ elif userHasRolesButNotInContext(context.user, value, roles):
+ raiseVerbose(
+ "Your user account is defined outside "
+ "the context of the object being accessed",
+ accessed, container, name, value, context,
+ required_roles=roles, user=context.user)
+ else:
+ raiseVerbose(
+ "Your user account does not "
+ "have the required permission",
+ accessed, container, name, value, context,
+ required_roles=roles, user=context.user,
+ user_roles=getUserRolesInContext(context.user, value))
raise Unauthorized(name, value)
def checkPermission(self, permission, object, context):
@@ -360,13 +475,16 @@
try: max_stack_size = int(os.environ.get('Z_MAX_STACK_SIZE','100'))
except: max_stack_size = 100
-def setDefaultBehaviors(ownerous, authenticated):
+def setDefaultBehaviors(ownerous, authenticated, verbose):
global _defaultPolicy
+ global _embed_permission_in_roles
_defaultPolicy = ZopeSecurityPolicy(
ownerous=ownerous,
- authenticated=authenticated)
+ authenticated=authenticated,
+ verbose=verbose)
+ _embed_permission_in_roles = verbose
-setDefaultBehaviors(True, True)
+setDefaultBehaviors(True, True, False)
class SecurityManager:
@@ -575,3 +693,139 @@
aq_acquire(inst, name, aq_validate, validate)
return v
+
+
+# Helpers for verbose authorization exceptions
+# --------------------------------------------
+
+def item_repr(ob):
+ """Generates a repr without angle brackets (to avoid HTML quoting)"""
+ return repr(ob).replace('<', '(').replace('>', ')')
+
+def simplifyRoles(roles):
+ """Sorts and removes duplicates from a role list."""
+ d = {}
+ for r in roles:
+ d[r] = 1
+ lst = d.keys()
+ lst.sort()
+ return lst
+
+def raiseVerbose(msg, accessed, container, name, value, context,
+ required_roles=None,
+ user_roles=None,
+ user=None,
+ eo=None,
+ eo_owner=None,
+ eo_owner_roles=None,
+ eo_proxy_roles=None,
+ ):
+ """Raises an Unauthorized error with a verbose explanation."""
+
+ s = '%s. Access to %s of %s' % (
+ msg, repr(name), item_repr(container))
+ if aq_base(container) is not aq_base(accessed):
+ s += ', acquired through %s,' % item_repr(accessed)
+ info = [s + ' denied.']
+
+ if user is not None:
+ try:
+ ufolder = '/'.join(aq_parent(aq_inner(user)).getPhysicalPath())
+ except:
+ ufolder = '(unknown)'
+ info.append('Your user account, %s, exists at %s.' % (
+ str(user), ufolder))
+
+ if required_roles is not None:
+ p = None
+ required_roles = list(required_roles)
+ for r in required_roles:
+ if r.startswith('_') and r.endswith('_Permission'):
+ p = r[1:]
+ required_roles.remove(r)
+ break
+ sr = simplifyRoles(required_roles)
+ if p:
+ # got a permission name
+ info.append('Access requires %s, '
+ 'granted to the following roles: %s.' %
+ (p, sr))
+ else:
+ # permission name unknown
+ info.append('Access requires one of the following roles: %s.'
+ % sr)
+
+ if user_roles is not None:
+ info.append(
+ 'Your roles in this context are %s.' % simplifyRoles(user_roles))
+
+ if eo is not None:
+ s = 'The executing script is %s' % item_repr(eo)
+ if eo_proxy_roles is not None:
+ s += ', with proxy roles: %s' % simplifyRoles(eo_proxy_roles)
+ if eo_owner is not None:
+ s += ', owned by %s' % repr(eo_owner)
+ if eo_owner_roles is not None:
+ s += ', who has the roles %s' % simplifyRoles(eo_owner_roles)
+ info.append(s + '.')
+
+ text = ' '.join(info)
+ LOG('Zope Security Policy', BLATHER, 'Unauthorized: %s' % text)
+ raise Unauthorized(text)
+
+def getUserRolesInContext(user, context):
+ """Returns user roles for a context."""
+ if hasattr(aq_base(user), 'getRolesInContext'):
+ return user.getRolesInContext(context)
+ else:
+ return ()
+
+def userHasRolesButNotInContext(user, object, object_roles):
+ '''Returns 1 if the user has any of the listed roles but
+ is not defined in a context which is not an ancestor of object.
+ '''
+ if object_roles is None or 'Anonymous' in object_roles:
+ return 0
+ usr_roles = getUserRolesInContext(user, object)
+ for role in object_roles:
+ if role in usr_roles:
+ # User has the roles.
+ return (not verifyAcquisitionContext(
+ user, object, object_roles))
+ return 0
+
+def verifyAcquisitionContext(user, object, object_roles=None):
+ """Mimics the relevant section of User.allowed().
+
+ Returns true if the object is in the context of the user's user folder.
+ """
+ ufolder = aq_parent(user)
+ ucontext = aq_parent(ufolder)
+ if ucontext is not None:
+ if object is None:
+ # This is a strange rule, though
+ # it doesn't cause any security holes. SDH
+ return 1
+ if not hasattr(object, 'aq_inContextOf'):
+ if hasattr(object, 'im_self'):
+ # This is a method. Grab its self.
+ object=object.im_self
+ if not hasattr(object, 'aq_inContextOf'):
+ # object is not wrapped, therefore we
+ # can't determine context.
+ # Fail the access attempt. Otherwise
+ # this would be a security hole.
+ return None
+ if not object.aq_inContextOf(ucontext, 1):
+ if 'Shared' in object_roles:
+ # Old role setting. Waaa
+ object_roles=user._shared_roles(object)
+ if 'Anonymous' in object_roles:
+ return 1
+ return None
+ # Note that if the user were not wrapped, it would
+ # not be possible to determine the user's context
+ # and this method would return 1.
+ # However, as long as user folders always return
+ # wrapped user objects, this is safe.
+ return 1
Index: lib/python/AccessControl/tests/testClassSecurityInfo.py
===================================================================
--- lib/python/AccessControl/tests/testClassSecurityInfo.py (revision 30788)
+++ lib/python/AccessControl/tests/testClassSecurityInfo.py (working copy)
@@ -61,7 +61,8 @@
# correctly. Note that this uses carnal knowledge of the internal
# structures used to store this information!
object = Test()
- imPermissionRole = object.foo__roles__
+ imPermissionRole = [r for r in object.foo__roles__
+ if not r.endswith('_Permission')]
self.failUnless(len(imPermissionRole) == 4)
for item in ('Manager', 'Role A', 'Role B', 'Role C'):
Index: lib/python/AccessControl/tests/testPermissionRole.py
===================================================================
--- lib/python/AccessControl/tests/testPermissionRole.py (revision 30788)
+++ lib/python/AccessControl/tests/testPermissionRole.py (working copy)
@@ -63,6 +63,11 @@
assert roles == roles2 or tuple(roles) == tuple(roles2), (
'Different methods of checking roles computed unequal results')
same = 0
+ if roles:
+ # When verbose security is enabled, permission names are
+ # embedded in the computed roles. Remove the permission
+ # names.
+ roles = [r for r in roles if not r.endswith('_Permission')]
if roles is None or expect is None:
if (roles is None or tuple(roles) == ('Anonymous',)) and (
expect is None or tuple(expect) == ('Anonymous',)):
Index: lib/python/Products/Five/tests/test_security.py
===================================================================
--- lib/python/Products/Five/tests/test_security.py (revision 30788)
+++ lib/python/Products/Five/tests/test_security.py (working copy)
@@ -30,6 +30,19 @@
from Globals import InitializeClass
+def assertRolesEqual(actual, expect):
+ if actual:
+ # filter out embedded permissions, which appear when
+ # verbose security is enabled
+ filtered = [r for r in actual if not r.endswith('_Permission')]
+ if isinstance(actual, tuple):
+ actual = tuple(filtered)
+ else:
+ actual = filtered
+ if actual != expect:
+ raise AssertionError('%s != %s' % (repr(actual), repr(expect)))
+
+
class PageSecurityTest(FiveTestCase):
def test_page_security(self):
@@ -65,7 +78,7 @@
view_roles = getattr(view, '__roles__', None)
self.failIf(view_roles is None)
self.failIf(view_roles == ())
- self.assertEquals(view_roles, ('Manager',))
+ assertRolesEqual(view_roles, ('Manager',))
class SecurityEquivalenceTest(FiveTestCase):
@@ -109,29 +122,29 @@
self.assertEquals(ac1, ac2)
bar_roles1 = getattr(self.dummy1, 'bar__roles__').__of__(self.dummy1)
- self.assertEquals(bar_roles1.__of__(self.dummy1), ('Manager',))
+ assertRolesEqual(bar_roles1.__of__(self.dummy1), ('Manager',))
keg_roles1 = getattr(self.dummy1, 'keg__roles__').__of__(self.dummy1)
- self.assertEquals(keg_roles1.__of__(self.dummy1), ('Manager',))
+ assertRolesEqual(keg_roles1.__of__(self.dummy1), ('Manager',))
foo_roles1 = getattr(self.dummy1, 'foo__roles__')
- self.assertEquals(foo_roles1, None)
+ assertRolesEqual(foo_roles1, None)
# XXX Not yet supported.
# baz_roles1 = getattr(self.dummy1, 'baz__roles__')
# self.assertEquals(baz_roles1, ())
bar_roles2 = getattr(self.dummy2, 'bar__roles__').__of__(self.dummy2)
- self.assertEquals(bar_roles2.__of__(self.dummy2), ('Manager',))
+ assertRolesEqual(bar_roles2.__of__(self.dummy2), ('Manager',))
keg_roles2 = getattr(self.dummy2, 'keg__roles__').__of__(self.dummy2)
- self.assertEquals(keg_roles2.__of__(self.dummy2), ('Manager',))
+ assertRolesEqual(keg_roles2.__of__(self.dummy2), ('Manager',))
foo_roles2 = getattr(self.dummy2, 'foo__roles__')
- self.assertEquals(foo_roles2, None)
+ assertRolesEqual(foo_roles2, None)
baz_roles2 = getattr(self.dummy2, 'baz__roles__')
- self.assertEquals(baz_roles2, ())
+ assertRolesEqual(baz_roles2, ())
class CheckPermissionTest(FiveTestCase):
Index: lib/python/ZClasses/ZClass.txt
===================================================================
--- lib/python/ZClasses/ZClass.txt (revision 30788)
+++ lib/python/ZClasses/ZClass.txt (working copy)
@@ -83,10 +83,12 @@
Now simulate a browser request to add a 'C' instance with id 'z':
>>> request = {'id': 'z'}
- >>> sandbox.manage_addProduct['test'].C_factory.index_html(request)
- Traceback (most recent call last):
- ...
- Unauthorized: You are not allowed to access 'C' in this context
+ >>> from zExceptions.unauthorized import Unauthorized
+ >>> try:
+ ... sandbox.manage_addProduct['test'].C_factory.index_html(request)
+ ... except Unauthorized:
+ ... print 'not authorized'
+ not authorized
All right, allow the admin user to 'Add Cs':
Index: lib/python/OFS/SimpleItem.py
===================================================================
--- lib/python/OFS/SimpleItem.py (revision 30788)
+++ lib/python/OFS/SimpleItem.py (working copy)
@@ -316,6 +316,36 @@
def __len__(self):
return 1
+ def __repr__(self):
+ """Show the physical path of the object and its context if available.
+ """
+ try:
+ path = '/'.join(self.getPhysicalPath())
+ except:
+ path = None
+ context_path = None
+ context = aq_parent(self)
+ container = aq_parent(aq_inner(self))
+ if aq_base(context) is not aq_base(container):
+ try:
+ context_path = '/'.join(context.getPhysicalPath())
+ except:
+ context_path = None
+ res = '<%s' % self.__class__.__name__
+ if path:
+ res += ' at %s' % path
+ else:
+ self_id = id(self)
+ if self_id < 0:
+ # fall back to printing the object's address.
+ # ugh, what will happen on 64 bit machines? :-/
+ self_id += 2L ** 32
+ res += ' at 0x%x' % self_id
+ if context_path:
+ res += ' used for %s' % context_path
+ res += '>'
+ return res
+
Globals.default__class_init__(Item)
@@ -383,27 +413,3 @@
__ac_permissions__=(('View', ()),)
- def __repr__(self):
- """Show the physical path of the object and its context if available.
- """
- try:
- path = '/'.join(self.getPhysicalPath())
- except:
- path = None
- context_path = None
- context = aq_parent(self)
- container = aq_parent(aq_inner(self))
- if aq_base(context) is not aq_base(container):
- try:
- context_path = '/'.join(context.getPhysicalPath())
- except:
- context_path = None
- res = '<%s' % self.__class__.__name__
- if path:
- res += ' at %s' % path
- else:
- res += ' at 0x%x' % id(self)
- if context_path:
- res += ' used for %s' % context_path
- res += '>'
- return res
Index: skel/etc/zope.conf.in
===================================================================
--- skel/etc/zope.conf.in (revision 30788)
+++ skel/etc/zope.conf.in (working copy)
@@ -500,12 +500,11 @@
# Directive: security-policy-implementation
#
# Description:
-# The default Zope security machinery is implemented in C.
-# Change this to "python" to use the Python version of the
-# Zope security machinery. This impacts performance but
-# is useful for debugging purposes and required by Products such as
-# VerboseSecurity, which need to "monkey-patch" the security
-# machinery.
+# The default Zope security machinery is implemented in C. Change
+# this to "python" to use the Python version of the Zope security
+# machinery. This setting may impact performance but is useful
+# for debugging purposes. See also the "verbose-security" option
+# below.
#
# Default: C
#
@@ -543,6 +542,24 @@
# skip-ownership-checking on
+# Directive: verbose-security
+#
+# Description:
+# By default, Zope reports authorization failures in a terse manner in
+# order to avoid revealing unnecessary information. This option
+# modifies the Zope security policy to report more information about
+# the reason for authorization failures. It's designed for debugging.
+# If you enable this option, you must also set the
+# 'security-policy-implementation' to 'python'.
+#
+# Default: off
+#
+# Example:
+#
+# security-policy-implementation python
+# verbose-security on
+
+
# Directive: maximum-number-of-session-objects
#
# Description:
